{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:02:05Z","timestamp":1777402925917,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Framework Program for Research and Innovation","award":["PRIMA project MEDACORNET - Rescuing acorns as a Mediterranean traditional superfood"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMA project MEDACORNET - Rescuing acorns as a Mediterranean traditional superfood"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/04326\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04326\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/PRR\/04326\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/04326\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the interspecific variation in polyphenolic profiles and biological activities of acorn flours from three native Tunisian Quercus L. species (Q. ilex L., Q. suber L., and Q. canariensis Willd.). Q. canariensis extracts are the richest in total phenolic, flavonoid and hydrolysable tannin contents. Six phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-DAD analysis. Chlorogenic acid was the dominant compound in Q. canariensis and Q. ilex acorns. Whereas in Q. suber, caffeic acid was the main component and, along with trans-ferulic acid, was exclusive to this species. Hyperoside was notably identified in Q. canariensis. The UHPLC-DAD-MS analysis of hydrolysable tannins revealed twelve compounds. Acorns of Q. canariensis and Q. suber were dominated by ellagitannins, whereas Q. ilex contained mainly gallotannins. To our knowledge, these compounds are identified for the first time in Tunisian acorns. Q. canariensis exhibited the strongest antioxidant potential with DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, as well as the highest antibiofilm and anti-\u03b1-amylase activities. All extracts inhibited ATCC pathogenic bacterial strains while largely sparing the beneficial probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum. This result indicates a selective antibacterial effect not previously reported for Quercus acorns. Q. canariensis may represent a potential source of functional food ingredient, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, which remains to be confirmed through in vivo investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15050762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:18:45Z","timestamp":1772554725000},"page":"762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Polyphenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antidiabetic Activities of Acorns from Three Tunisian Quercus L. Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0983-3586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abir","family":"Haddada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change (LR11ES09), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1060, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3034-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aicha","family":"Laouani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"},{"name":"USCR Analytical Platform UHPLC-MS & Research in Medicine and Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0362-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Iheb Ben","family":"Tekfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1060, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2074-3341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wissal","family":"Saadellaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change (LR11ES09), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1060, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7227-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassine","family":"M\u2019rabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Substances, National Institute for Research and Physicochemical Analysis (INRAP), Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Mariem","family":"Zakraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change (LR11ES09), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1060, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8956-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Zidorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel, Gutenbergstra\u00dfe 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2886-3364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Trentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58\/B, 35131 Padova, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0391-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Stegemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel, Gutenbergstra\u00dfe 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0978-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim","family":"Hosni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Substances, National Institute for Research and Physicochemical Analysis (INRAP), Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Naouel","family":"Klibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1060, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7550-2182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9dia","family":"Hannachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Productivity and Environmental Constraint (LR18ES04), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1060, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-3926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Paskovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Pore\u010d, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7454-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Poli\u0107 Paskovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Pore\u010d, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1445-4156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomislav","family":"Kos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Trg Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 9, 23000 Zadar, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3935-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalibor","family":"Brozni\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8732-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Marine Sciences of the Algarve (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sondes","family":"Stambouli-Essassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change (LR11ES09), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1060, Tunisia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-020-00112-9","article-title":"Valorization of biomass residues from forest operations and wood manufacturing presents a wide range of sustainable and innovative possibilities","volume":"6","author":"Braghiroli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. 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