{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:02:01Z","timestamp":1768874521152,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work addresses the establishment and characterization of gellan gum:pectin (GG:P) biodegradable mucoadhesive beads intended for the colon-targeted delivery of resveratrol (RES). The impact of the polymer carrier system on the cytotoxicity and permeability of RES was evaluated. Beads of circular shape (circularity index of 0.81) with an average diameter of 914 \u03bcm, Span index of 0.29, and RES entrapment efficiency of 76% were developed. In vitro drug release demonstrated that beads were able to reduce release rates in gastric media and control release for up to 48 h at an intestinal pH of 6.8. Weibull\u2019s model correlated better with release data and b parameter (0.79) indicated that the release process was driven by a combination of Fickian diffusion and Case II transport, indicating that both diffusion and swelling\/polymer chains relaxation are processes that contribute equally to control drug release rates. Beads and isolated polymers were observed to be safe for Caco-2 and HT29-MTX intestinal cell lines. RES encapsulation into the beads allowed for an expressive reduction of drug permeation in an in vitro triple intestinal model. This feature, associated with low RES release rates in acidic media, can favor targeted drug delivery from the beads in the colon, a promising behavior to improve the local activity of RES.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10010050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T12:26:02Z","timestamp":1515414362000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Gellan Gum\/Pectin Beads Are Safe and Efficient for the Targeted Colonic Delivery of Resveratrol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Fab\u00edola","family":"Prezotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara\u2013Ja\u00fa, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara\u2013Ja\u00fa, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara\u2013Ja\u00fa, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Daniella","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, Brazil"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Campana-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada em Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Sa\u00fade, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Te\u00f3filo","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gremi\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara\u2013Ja\u00fa, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Cury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara\u2013Ja\u00fa, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada em Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Sa\u00fade, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2015.1125915","article-title":"Gellan gum microspheres crosslinked with trivalent ion: Effect of polymer and crosslinker concentrations on drug release and mucoadhesive properties","volume":"42","author":"Boni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Dev. 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