{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T18:55:20Z","timestamp":1773946520484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]],"date-time":"2018-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Strategic Funding UID\/FIS\/04650\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Strategic Funding UID\/FIS\/04650\/2013"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Project PTDC\/EEI-SII\/5582\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project PTDC\/EEI-SII\/5582\/2014"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Project UID\/EEA\/04436\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project UID\/EEA\/04436\/2013"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006941"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Project LungChek ENMed\/0049\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project LungChek ENMed\/0049\/2016"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Grant SFRH\/BPD\/98109\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant SFRH\/BPD\/98109\/2013"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Grant SFRH\/BPD\/121526\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant SFRH\/BPD\/121526\/2016"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Grant SFRH\/BPD\/90870\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant SFRH\/BPD\/90870\/2012"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Grant SFRH\/BPD\/121464\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant SFRH\/BPD\/121464\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)","award":["Project MAT2016-76039-C4-3-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project MAT2016-76039-C4-3-R"]}]},{"name":"Basque Government Industry Department","award":["ELKARTEK program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELKARTEK program"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fluorinated polymers constitute a unique class of materials that exhibit a combination of suitable properties for a wide range of applications, which mainly arise from their outstanding chemical resistance, thermal stability, low friction coefficients and electrical properties. Furthermore, those presenting stimuli-responsive properties have found widespread industrial and commercial applications, based on their ability to change in a controlled fashion one or more of their physicochemical properties, in response to single or multiple external stimuli such as light, temperature, electrical and magnetic fields, pH and\/or biological signals. In particular, some fluorinated polymers have been intensively investigated and applied due to their piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties in biomedical applications including controlled drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, microfluidic and artificial muscle actuators, among others. This review summarizes the main characteristics, microstructures and biomedical applications of electroactive fluorinated polymers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10020161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T12:46:27Z","timestamp":1518180387000},"page":"161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["Fluorinated Polymers as Smart Materials for Advanced Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3039-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro\/Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"CMEMS-UMinho, Universidade do Minho, DEI, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e CQ-VR, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV\/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9120-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarisse","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro\/Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro\/Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senentxu","family":"Lanceros-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV\/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2006.11.016","article-title":"Fluoropolymer materials and architectures prepared by controlled radical polymerizations","volume":"43","author":"Hansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. 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