{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:31:53Z","timestamp":1777397513676,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,18]],"date-time":"2018-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESA Contract Nr. 4000116010 \/15\/NL\/FE\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESA Contract Nr. 4000116010 \/15\/NL\/FE\/"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present work reports the production and characterization of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) nanocomposite filaments incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphite nanoplates (GnP), electrically conductive and suitable for fused deposition modeling (FDM) processing. The nanocomposites were manufactured by melt mixing and those presenting electrical conductivity near 10 S\/m were selected for the production of filaments for FDM. The extruded filaments were characterized for mechanical and thermal conductivity, polymer crystallinity, thermal relaxation, nanoparticle dispersion, thermoelectric effect, and coefficient of friction. They presented electrical conductivity in the range of 1.5 to 13.1 S\/m, as well as good mechanical performance and higher thermal conductivity compared to PEEK. The addition of GnP improved the composites\u2019 melt processability, maintained the electrical conductivity at target level, and reduced the coefficient of friction by up to 60%. Finally, three-dimensional (3D) printed test specimens were produced, showing a Young\u2019s modulus and ultimate tensile strength comparable to those of the filaments, but a lower strain at break and electrical conductivity. This was attributed to the presence of large voids in the part, revealing the need for 3D printing parameter optimization. Finally, filament production was up-scaled to kilogram scale maintaining the properties of the research-scale filaments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10080925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T11:23:06Z","timestamp":1534764186000},"page":"925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Electrically Conductive Polyetheretherketone Nanocomposite Filaments: From Production to Fused Deposition Modeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jordana","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f3lo de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia de Pol\u00edmeros, University of Minho, 4500-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f3lo de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia de Pol\u00edmeros, University of Minho, 4500-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2892-1269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beate","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6392-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"P\u00f6tschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4925-7240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugo","family":"Lafont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 R.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, 4500-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano S.","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, 4500-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3538-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C.","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers and Composites\/i3N, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Covas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers and Composites\/i3N, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson, I., Rosen, D.W., and Stucker, B. 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