{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T22:50:16Z","timestamp":1772837416428,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010890","name":"Chinese Government Scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201606790036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201606790036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Foundation Key Projects","award":["2016 YFE0115700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016 YFE0115700"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/BIO\/04469\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/BIO\/04469\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/121673\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/121673\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00186\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00186\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A green methodology for the production of polymers from bamboo powder was investigated. The optimal conditions for the extraction of components from bamboo were defined by incubating the powder in an acetate buffer (pH 5) under boiling for 2 h. Native laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was used afterwards to oxidize the extracts from the final resulting extraction liquid. The reduction of the free OH content after enzymatic oxidation, as well as the 1H NMR data, confirmed the efficient polymerization of the extracts. The bamboo powder samples were also subjected to high compression and curing, in the absence and in the presence of laccase, to evaluate the hardness of the tablets formed by enzymatic bonding events. The results revealed a higher hardness when the tablets were produced in the presence of laccase, confirming the role of the catalyst on the precipitation of colloidal lignin and phenolic extractives. Herein we produce new oligomers\/polymers by laccase oxidation of the extracts resulting from a clean method boiling. At the same time, the data open up new routes for the exploitation of new lignocellulosic materials by the direct application of the enzyme on the bamboo powder material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10101141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T03:43:01Z","timestamp":1539574981000},"page":"1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Polymers from Bamboo Extracts Produced by Laccase"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6176-2007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Noro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7204-2064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Cavaco-Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6252-8693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Sunshine Group Co., Ltd, Jiangyin 214426, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.7.1.374-390","article-title":"Fractionation and thermal characterization of hemicelluloses from bamboo (phyllostachys pubescens mazel) culm","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresources"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17210","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17210","article-title":"Determination of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in moso bamboo by near infrared spectroscopy","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"31","article-title":"An analysis on the characteristics of pyrogenation and carbonization shrinkage of bamboo timber","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bamboo Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.12.019","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lignocellulosic biomass using infrared techniques: A mini review","volume":"104","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00345","article-title":"Strategies for the conversion of lignin to high-value polymeric materials: Review and perspective","volume":"4","author":"Upton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"281","article-title":"Enhanced auto adhesion of wood fibers using phenol oxidases","volume":"51","author":"Felby","year":"1997","journal-title":"Holzforsch.-Int. J. Biol. Chem. Phys. Technol. Wood"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(02)00111-4","article-title":"Pilot-scale production of fiberboards made by laccase oxidized wood fibers: Board properties and evidence for cross-linking of lignin","volume":"31","author":"Felby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-012-0600-3","article-title":"Enzymatic treatment of mechanochemical modified natural bamboo fibers","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fibers Polym."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00226-018-0987-0","article-title":"Enzymatic biocatalysis of bamboo chemical constituents to impart antimold properties","volume":"52","author":"Prosper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wood Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/fqs\/fyx004","article-title":"Recent advances in extraction of antioxidants from plant by-products processing industries","volume":"1","author":"Selvamuthukumaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Qual. Saf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030601064839","article-title":"Addition of antioxidant from bamboo leaves as an effective way to reduce the formation of acrylamide in fried chicken wings","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1362","article-title":"Ultrasound enhanced laccase applications","volume":"17","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0169-1","article-title":"Laccases: A never-ending story","volume":"67","author":"Giardina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7915.2011.00273.x","article-title":"Laccase-catalysed oxidations of naturally occurring phenols: From in vivo biosynthetic pathways to green synthetic applications","volume":"5","author":"Jeon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-009-8676-y","article-title":"Ligninolytic fungal laccases and their biotechnological applications","volume":"160","author":"Arora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1295\/polymj.36.992","article-title":"Enzymatic template polymerization of phenol in the presence of water-soluble polymers in an aqueous medium","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7915.2009.00153.x","article-title":"Laccase-catalysed polymeric dye synthesis from plant-derived phenols for potential application in hair dyeing: Enzymatic colourations driven by homo- or hetero-polymer synthesis","volume":"3","author":"Kumarasamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-2932-5","article-title":"Polyoxometalate\/laccase-mediated oxidative polymerization of catechol for textile dyeing","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1021\/bm060159p","article-title":"Enzymatic polymerization of phenolic compounds using laccase and tyrosinase from ustilago maydis","volume":"7","author":"Moreno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2017.1354353","article-title":"Laccase: A green catalyst for the biosynthesis of poly-phenols","volume":"38","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zerva, A., Manos, N., Vouyiouka, S., Christakopoulos, P., and Topakas, E. (2016). Bioconversion of biomass-derived phenols catalyzed by myceliophthora thermophila laccase. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21050550"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2017.02.028","article-title":"Simultaneous pretreatment and saccharification of bamboo for biobutanol production","volume":"101","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bamboo lignin and its biosynthesis","volume":"48","author":"Higuchi","year":"1969","journal-title":"Wood Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2010.10.006","article-title":"Comparative study of alkali-soluble hemicelluloses isolated from bamboo (bambusa rigida)","volume":"346","author":"Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Tallian, C., Su, J., Vielnascher, R., Silva, C., Cavaco-Paulo, A., Guebitz, G.M., and Fu, J. (2018). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicellulose and phenolic compounds from bamboo bast fiber powder. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197537"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.6b02950","article-title":"Characterization of woody biomass pyrolysis oils\u2019 water soluble fraction","volume":"31","author":"Stankovikj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1450093","article-title":"The steady-state kinetics of peroxidase with 2,2\u2032-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) as chromogen","volume":"145","author":"Childs","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.08.205","article-title":"Enzymatic polymerization of catechol under high-pressure homogenization for the green coloration of textiles","volume":"202","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-018-0665-5","article-title":"Exploring pegylated and immobilized laccases for catechol polymerization","volume":"8","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201700849","article-title":"Pegylation greatly enhances laccase polymerase activity","volume":"9","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2018.05.033","article-title":"The effect of high-energy environments on the structure of laccase-polymerized poly(catechol)","volume":"48","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024639231900","article-title":"Biosynthesis and characterization of laccase catalyzed poly(catechol)","volume":"11","author":"Salih","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-013-0463-0","article-title":"Laccase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds","volume":"171","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1177(03)00007-9","article-title":"Kinetics of laccase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of catechol","volume":"22","author":"Aktas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2009.02.001","article-title":"Low-frequency ultrasound in biotechnology: State of the art","volume":"27","author":"Rokhina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.05.004","article-title":"A review on enzyme and ultrasound: A controversial but fruitful relationship","volume":"889","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouveia, S., Otero, L., Fern\u00e1ndez-Costas, C., Filgueira, D., Sanrom\u00e1n, \u00c1., and Moldes, D. (2018). Green binder based on enzymatically polymerized eucalypt kraft lignin for fiberboard manufacturing: A preliminary study. Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10060642"}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/10\/10\/1141\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:25:23Z","timestamp":1760196323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/10\/10\/1141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["polym10101141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym10101141","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]}}}