{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:54:41Z","timestamp":1770900881153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study investigated a new approach to treat superficial skin infections by topical application of minocycline hydrochloride (MH) formulated in a novel starch-based Pickering emulsion (ASt-emulsions). The emulsions were fully characterized in terms of efficacy, as well as in vitro release and permeation studies. The emulsions provided a prolonged MH release, always above its minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus, although the drug did not permeate through the entire skin layer. The in vitro antibacterial activity of MHASt-emulsions against S. aureus was confirmed and their therapeutic efficacy was assessed using an in vitro skin-adapted agar diffusion test. In vivo antibacterial activity, evaluated using the tape-stripping infection model in mice, showed the topical administration of MH was effective against superficial infections caused by S. aureus. This study supports the potential of ASt-emulsions as promising platforms for topical antibiotic delivery, contributing to a new perspective on the treatment of superficial bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11010108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T04:10:16Z","timestamp":1547179816000},"page":"108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Starch-Based Pickering Emulsions as Platforms for Topical Antibiotic Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5523-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Marto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1609-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0616-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1609-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6799-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00eddia Maria","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1609-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5611-0047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Filipe","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1609-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Jos\u00e9","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1609-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2429-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena Margarida","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1609-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.07.024","article-title":"Starch-based Pickering emulsions for topical drug delivery: A QbD approach","volume":"135","author":"Marto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. 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