{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:31:40Z","timestamp":1766158300473,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/109563\/2015","SFRH\/BPD\/69410\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/109563\/2015","SFRH\/BPD\/69410\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalization","award":["Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, the biomedical scientists who are working in the skin regeneration area have proposed asymmetric membranes as ideal wound dressings, since they are able to reproduce both layers of skin and improve the healing process as well as make it less painful. Herein, an electrospinning technique was used to produce new asymmetric membranes. The protective layer was composed of a blending solution between polycaprolactone and polylactic acid, whereas the underlying layer was comprised of methacrylated gelatin and chitosan. The chemical\/physical properties, the in vitro hemo- and biocompatibility of the nanofibrous membranes were evaluated. The results obtained reveal that the produced membranes exhibited a wettability able to provide a moist environment at wound site. Moreover, the membranes\u2019 hemocompatibility and fibroblast cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation at the surface of the membranes were also noticed in the in vitro assays. Such results highlight the suitability of these asymmetric membranes for wound dressing applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11040653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T11:25:08Z","timestamp":1554895508000},"page":"653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Photocrosslinkable Nanofibrous Asymmetric Membrane Designed for Wound Dressing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3030 790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3030 790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3030 790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7274-0399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"P. Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, P-6200 506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"D. de S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, P-6200 506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"S. D. Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, P-6200 506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Il\u00eddio","family":"J. Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3030 790 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, P-6200 506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3393-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3030 790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0403","article-title":"A review of tissue-engineered skin bioconstructs available for skin reconstruction","volume":"7","author":"Shevchenko","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201023378283","article-title":"Management of acute and chronic open wounds: The importance of moist environment in optimal wound healing","volume":"3","author":"Atiyeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10047-013-0734-0","article-title":"Tissue-engineered skin substitutes: An overview","volume":"16","author":"Catalano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"839","article-title":"Clinical applications of skin substitutes","volume":"94","author":"Nyame","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg. Clin."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2015.04.064","article-title":"Asymmetric membranes as ideal wound dressings: An overview on production methods, structure, properties and performance relationship","volume":"490","author":"Morgado","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.13.50","article-title":"Advanced biofabrication strategies for skin regeneration and repair","volume":"8","author":"Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12119","article-title":"The use of dermal substitutes in burn surgery: Acute phase","volume":"22","author":"Shahrokhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.099","article-title":"Electrospun chitosan\/polycaprolactone-hyaluronic acid bilayered scaffold for potential wound healing applications","volume":"116","author":"Chanda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.080","article-title":"Production and characterization of polycaprolactone-hyaluronic acid\/chitosan-zein electrospun bilayer nanofibrous membrane for tissue regeneration","volume":"93","author":"Figueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miguel, S.P., Ribeiro, M.P., Coutinho, P., and Correia, I.J. (2017). Electrospun polycaprolactone\/aloe vera_chitosan nanofibrous asymmetric membranes aimed for wound healing applications. Polymers, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9050183"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.041","article-title":"Production and characterization of electrospun silk fibroin based asymmetric membranes for wound dressing applications","volume":"121","author":"Miguel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavakol, S., Jalili-Firoozinezhad, S., Mashinchian, O., and Mahmoudi, M. (2016). Bioinspired nanotechnologies for skin regeneration. Nanoscience in Dermatology, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802926-8.00026-4"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Wang, L., Zhou, Z., Lai, H., Xu, P., Liao, L., and Wei, J. (2016). Biodegradable polymer membranes applied in guided bone\/tissue regeneration: A review. Polymers, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym8040115"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.072","article-title":"Chitosan based-asymmetric membranes for wound healing: A review","volume":"127","author":"Miguel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2015.11.015","article-title":"A comprehensive review summarizing the effect of electrospinning parameters and potential applications of nanofibers in biomedical and biotechnology","volume":"11","author":"Haider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21210","article-title":"Wound healing dressings and drug delivery systems: A review","volume":"97","author":"Boateng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700395","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201700395","article-title":"Thrombin-loaded poly(butylene succinate)-based electrospun membranes for rapid hemostatic application","volume":"303","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5760","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TB00599J","article-title":"Electrospun poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone)\u2013collagen\u2013chitosan vascular graft in a canine femoral artery model","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.018","article-title":"Photocrosslinkable electrospun fiber meshes for tissue engineering applications","volume":"97","author":"Ferreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.045","article-title":"Development of uv cross-linked gelatin coated electrospun poly(caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering","volume":"93","author":"Correia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020407","article-title":"Electrospinning of chitosan-based solutions for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"19","author":"Qasim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-016-5763-9","article-title":"Evaluation of cell binding to collagen and gelatin: A study of the effect of 2d and 3d architecture and surface chemistry","volume":"27","author":"Davidenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s40204-018-0094-1","article-title":"Tailoring the gelatin\/chitosan electrospun scaffold for application in skin tissue engineering: An in vitro study","volume":"7","author":"Zandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7915.2008.00080.x","article-title":"Chitosan and its antimicrobial potential\u2013a critical literature survey","volume":"2","author":"Raafat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.021","article-title":"Tailoring the properties of gelatin films for drug delivery applications: Influence of the chemical cross-linking method","volume":"70","author":"Coimbra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63478","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA10638A","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of a photocrosslinkable chitosan\u2013gelatin hydrogel aimed for tissue regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Saraiva","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2002). 10993-4: 2017\u2014Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices\u2014Part 4: Selection of Tests for Interactions with Blood, ISO Copyright Office."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"American Society for Testing and Materials (2000). 756-00. Standard Practice for Assessment of Hemolytic Properties of Materials, American Society for Testing and Materials."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820060305","article-title":"A new method for evalution of antithrombogenicity of materials","volume":"6","author":"Imai","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2007.01.011","article-title":"Early stages of gelation in gelatin solution detected by dynamic oscillating rheology and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy","volume":"43","author":"Zandi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-011-9654-6","article-title":"Macrophage-specific targeting of isoniazid through mannosylated gelatin microspheres","volume":"12","author":"Tiwari","year":"2011","journal-title":"AAPS Pharmscitech"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s13233-010-1004-0","article-title":"Trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles enhances dissolution of the poorly water soluble drug candesartan-cilexetil","volume":"18","author":"Turan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Macromol. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3390\/md13010141","article-title":"Does the use of chitosan contribute to oxalate kidney stone formation?","volume":"13","author":"Melo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TB02518D","article-title":"Gelatin methacrylate\/carboxybetaine methacrylate hydrogels with tunable crosslinking for controlled drug release","volume":"4","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21997","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA02271H","article-title":"Biomimetic mineralization of anionic gelatin hydrogels: Effect of degree of methacrylation","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31069","article-title":"Peptide surface modification of methacrylamide chitosan for neural tissue engineering applications","volume":"82","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00466-0","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of biodegradable PLA polymeric blends","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2013.04.036","article-title":"Structure and morphology of electrospun polycaprolactone\/gelatine nanofibres","volume":"49","author":"Sajkiewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2014.06.032","article-title":"Electrospun poly lactic acid (PLA) fibres: Effect of different solvent systems on fibre morphology and diameter","volume":"55","author":"Casasola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31651","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of chitosan-gelatin blend nanofibers for skin tissue engineering","volume":"94","author":"Dhandayuthapani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.0205","article-title":"Role of fiber diameter in adhesion and proliferation of nih 3t3 fibroblast on electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1080\/01694243.2012.697776","article-title":"Cell interactions with superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces","volume":"28","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.024","article-title":"Electrospun curcumin loaded poly(\u03b5-caprolactone)\/gum tragacanth nanofibers for biomedical application","volume":"84","author":"Bahrami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2009.12.003","article-title":"Poly(lactic acid) modifications","volume":"35","author":"Rasal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1021\/bm500410h","article-title":"Imparting superhydrophobicity to biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) electrospun meshes","volume":"15","author":"Kaplan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2012.0412","article-title":"Clinical impact upon wound healing and inflammation in moist, wet, and dry environments","volume":"2","author":"Junker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.06.028","article-title":"Electrospun poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds for skin tissue engineering","volume":"29","author":"Kumbar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1205\/cherd06196","article-title":"Design and development of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering","volume":"85","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4103\/2321-3868.143616","article-title":"Polymeric hydrogels for burn wound care: Advanced skin wound dressings and regenerative templates","volume":"2","author":"Madaghiele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burn. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2017.1394711","article-title":"Pcl and pcl-based materials in biomedical applications","volume":"29","author":"Malikmammadov","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.12.013","article-title":"Biocompatibility of engineered nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"166","author":"Naahidi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2014.01.033","article-title":"Strategies to improve chitosan hemocompatibility: A review","volume":"53","author":"Balan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2013.878870","article-title":"Evaluation of the cytocompatibility hemocompatibility in vivo bone tissue regenerating capability of different PCL blends","volume":"25","author":"Padalhin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-018-2338-9","article-title":"Schiff base-assisted surface patterning of polylactide\u2013zinc oxide films: Generation, characterization and biocompatibility evaluation","volume":"53","author":"Rarima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000339613","article-title":"Wound repair and regeneration","volume":"49","author":"Reinke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.018","article-title":"Wound healing effect of adipose-derived stem cells: A critical role of secretory factors on human dermal fibroblasts","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Meerloo, J., Kaspers, G.J., and Cloos, J. (2011). Cell sensitivity assay: The mtt assay. Cancer Cell Culture, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-080-5_20"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30128","article-title":"Electrospinning of gelatin fibers and gelatin\/pcl composite fibrous scaffolds","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00343-0","article-title":"Rgd modified polymers: Biomaterials for stimulated cell adhesion and beyond","volume":"24","author":"Hersel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5675","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20745e","article-title":"Chemical tailoring of gelatin to adjust its chemical and physical properties for functional bioprinting","volume":"1","author":"Hoch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.11.019","article-title":"Biomimetic approaches to modulate cellular adhesion in biomaterials: A review","volume":"9","author":"Rahmany","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141618","article-title":"Structural basis of integrin regulation and signaling","volume":"25","author":"Luo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/11\/4\/653\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:44:15Z","timestamp":1760186655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/11\/4\/653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["polym11040653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym11040653","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4360"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]}}}