{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T08:57:35Z","timestamp":1772355455939,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431F 2016\/010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431F 2016\/010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2016\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2016\/008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431E 2018\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431E 2018\/08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-094131-A-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094131-A-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AEI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC2014-15239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2014-15239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA18125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA18125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biopolymer-based aerogels can be obtained by supercritical drying of wet gels and endowed with outstanding properties for biomedical applications. Namely, polysaccharide-based aerogels in the form of microparticles are of special interest for wound treatment and can also be loaded with bioactive agents to improve the healing process. However, the production of the precursor gel may be limited by the viscosity of the polysaccharide initial solution. The jet cutting technique is regarded as a suitable processing technique to overcome this problem. In this work, the technological combination of jet cutting and supercritical drying of gels was assessed to produce chitosan aerogel microparticles loaded with vancomycin HCl (antimicrobial agent) for wound healing purposes. The resulting aerogel formulation was evaluated in terms of morphology, textural properties, drug loading, and release profile. Aerogels were also tested for wound application in terms of exudate sorption capacity, antimicrobial activity, hemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility. Overall, the microparticles had excellent textural properties, absorbed high amounts of exudate, and controlled the release of vancomycin HCl, providing sustained antimicrobial activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12020273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T10:51:07Z","timestamp":1580295067000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Jet Cutting Technique for the Production of Chitosan Aerogel Microparticles Loaded with Vancomycin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5477-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"L\u00f3pez-Iglesias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Agrupaci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica (INEB) and Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Ardao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioFarma Research group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0598-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Gurikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Development and Modelling of Novel Nanoporous Materials, Ei\u00dfendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1361-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica (INEB) and Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Smirnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Ei\u00dfendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8546-7085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Alvarez-Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Agrupaci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-3679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Agrupaci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2012.02.026","article-title":"Supercritical drying of aerogels using CO2: Effect of extraction time on the end material textural properties","volume":"66","author":"Alnaief","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluid."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7580","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201709014","article-title":"Biopolymer aerogels and foams: Chemistry, properties, and applications","volume":"57","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez, C.A., Budtova, T., Dur\u00e3es, L., Erkey, C., Del Gaudio, P., Gurikov, P., Koebel, M., Liebner, F., Neagu, M., and Smirnova, I. (2019). An opinion paper on aerogels for biomedical and environmental applications. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091815"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-018-0723-x","article-title":"Aerogels and metal\u2014Organic frameworks for environmental remediation and energy production","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Env. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2016.05.011","article-title":"Synthesis and biomedical applications of aerogels: Possibilities and challenges","volume":"236","author":"Maleki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-016-3968-5","article-title":"Review of aerogel-based materials in biomedical applications","volume":"77","author":"Stergar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sol. Gel Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, S., Pothan, L.A., and Mavelil-Sam, R. (2018). Biobased Aerogels: Polysaccharide and Protein-Based Materials, Royal Society of Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781782629979"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.10.045","article-title":"Polysaccharide-based aerogel microspheres for oral drug delivery","volume":"117","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2019.02.016","article-title":"scCO2-foamed silk fibroin aerogel\/poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) scaffolds containing dexamethasone for bone regeneration","volume":"31","author":"Goimil","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2019.104545","article-title":"Alginate aerogels carrying calcium, zinc and silver cations for wound care: Fabrication and metal detection","volume":"153","author":"Raman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluid."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.04.031","article-title":"Prilling and supercritical drying: A successful duo to produce core-shell polysaccharide aerogel beads for wound healing","volume":"147","author":"Russo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabri, F., Cole, J.A., Scarbrough, M.C., and Leventis, N. (2012). Investigation of polyurea-crosslinked silica aerogels as a neuronal scaffold: A pilot study. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033242"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/17436753.2018.1498145","article-title":"\u03b2-Tricalcium phosphate silica aerogel as an alternative bioactive ceramic for the potential use in dentistry","volume":"117","author":"Boda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Ceram."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.12.033","article-title":"An emerging platform for drug delivery: Aerogel based systems","volume":"177","author":"Ulker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1557\/mrc.2018.206","article-title":"PC-12 cells adhesion and differentiation on carbon aerogel scaffolds","volume":"8","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"MRS Comm."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynch, K., Skalli, O., and Sabri, F. (2018). Growing neural PC-12 cell on crosslinked silica aerogels increases neurite extension in the presence of an electric field. J. Funct. Biomater., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb9020030"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.06.066","article-title":"Polysaccharide-based aerogels\u2014Promising biodegradable carriers for drug delivery systems","volume":"86","author":"Alnaief","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2014.02.008","article-title":"Chitin and chitosan in selected biomedical applications","volume":"39","author":"Anitha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progr. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101458","article-title":"Aerogels in chemical engineering: Strategies toward tailor-made aerogels","volume":"8","author":"Smirnova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos-Rosales, V., Ardao, I., Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., Ribeiro, N., Oliveira, A., and Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez, C. (2019). Sterile and dual-porous aerogels scaffolds obtained through a multistep supercritical CO2-based approach. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050871"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.01.014","article-title":"Bioaerogels: Synthesis approaches, cellular uptake, and the biomedical applications","volume":"111","author":"Soorbaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, S., Pothan, L.A., and Mavelil-Sam, R. (2018). Chapter 16. Biomedical Applications of Polysaccharide and Protein Based Aerogels. Green Chemistry Series, Royal Society of Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781782629979"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.59","article-title":"Chitosan preparations for wounds and burns: Antimicrobial and wound-healing effects","volume":"9","author":"Dai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"27","article-title":"Chitosan based scaffolds and their applications in wound healing","volume":"10","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Achiev. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115744","article-title":"Synthesis of chitosan aerogels as promising carriers for drug delivery: A review","volume":"231","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Florence, A.T., and Crommelin, D.J.A. (2017). Chapter 5. Nanotechnologies for Drug Delivery and Targeting. Opportunities and Obstacles. Drug Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications, Taylor & Francis Group."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.21301","article-title":"Microparticles and nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"96","author":"Kohane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-009-0458-x","article-title":"Nanoparticle dermal absorption and toxicity: A review of the literature","volume":"82","author":"Crosera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Env. Health"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"487","article-title":"Particle uptake and translocation across epithelial membranes","volume":"189","author":"Thomas","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganesan, K., Budtova, T., Ratke, L., Gurikov, P., Baudron, V., Preibisch, I., Niemeyer, P., Smirnova, I., and Milow, B. (2018). Review on the production of polysaccharide aerogel particles. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11112144"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.02.023","article-title":"Preparation of tailor-made starch-based aerogel microspheres by the emulsion-gelation method","volume":"88","author":"Uy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4125(199801)21:1<29::AID-CEAT29>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"New process (jet cutting method) for the production of spherical beads from highly viscous polymer solutions","volume":"21","author":"Fox","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4125(200012)23:12<1105::AID-CEAT1105>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Production of spherical beads by JetCutting","volume":"23","author":"Dalluhn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practical aspects of encapsulation technologies","volume":"241","author":"Ulrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Landbauforsch. V\u00f6lkenrode"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preibisch, I., Niemeyer, P., Yusufoglu, Y., Gurikov, P., Milow, B., and Smirnova, I. (2018). Polysaccharide-based aerogel bead production via jet cutting method. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201807.0003.v1"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.10.012","article-title":"Vancomycin-loaded chitosan aerogel particles for chronic wound applications","volume":"204","author":"Barros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1039\/b808218a","article-title":"Aerogel materials from marine polysaccharides","volume":"32","author":"Quignard","year":"2008","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77362","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA14140K","article-title":"Formation of polysaccharide aerogels in ethanol","volume":"5","author":"Tkalec","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2011.553849","article-title":"Chitosan aerogels exhibiting high surface area for biomedical application: Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial study","volume":"60","author":"Rinki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.04.008","article-title":"Drug delivery systems and materials for wound healing applications","volume":"127","author":"Saghazadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2003.8.Sup3.11577","article-title":"Wound exudate: Composition and functions","volume":"8","author":"Cutting","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Community Nurs."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1071\/SP04005","article-title":"Swelling properties of chitosan hydrogels","volume":"22","author":"Rohindra","year":"2004","journal-title":"S. Pac. J. Nat. App. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2006). Vancomycin (CID=14969), National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1023291","article-title":"Chronic wound infections: The role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"13","author":"Serra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.08.003","article-title":"Multilayer, degradable coating as a carrier for the sustained release of antibiotics: Preparation and antimicrobial efficacy in vitro","volume":"162","author":"Guillaume","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Controll. Release"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.07.072","article-title":"pH Effects on solubility, zeta potential, and correlation between antibacterial activity and molecular weight of chitosan","volume":"134","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.022","article-title":"Evaluation of different factors affecting antimicrobial properties of chitosan","volume":"85","author":"Hosseinnejad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000339613","article-title":"Wound repair and regeneration","volume":"49","author":"Reinke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2018.01.032","article-title":"Topical vancomycin and its effect on survival and migration of osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and myoblasts: An in vitro study","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"9","article-title":"Management of Chronic Non-healing Wounds by Hirudotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Iqbal","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.046","article-title":"Hydrogel wound dressings for bioactive treatment of acute and chronic wounds","volume":"100","author":"Koehler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/12\/2\/273\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:08:46Z","timestamp":1760364526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/12\/2\/273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["polym12020273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym12020273","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]}}}