{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T20:24:35Z","timestamp":1767903875382,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]],"date-time":"2020-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cosmetic products in which all the skincare compounds are biomolecules, biocompatible and biodegradable constitute a request of an educated consumer corresponding to a premium cosmetic segment. For this purpose, a cellulose-based delivery system was developed to retain biomolecules for dermic applications. The 3D matrix was built with microfibrillated cellulose, nanofibrillated cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose combined with a crosslinking agent, the alginate, to obtain a 3D matrix capable of retaining and releasing bioactive components of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and tea tree essential oil. The porosity and pore dimensions and uniformity of this support matrix were optimized using 3D computational tools. The structures of the biopolymers were characterized using SEM, EDX, FTIR-ATR and DSC techniques. The essential oil and the microalgae components were successfully incorporated in a 3D stable matrix. The results indicate that the polymeric matrix retains and releases the essential oil biomolecules in a controlled way, when compared with tea tree essential oil, which is vaporized from 25 \u00b0C to 38 \u00b0C, without this 3D polymeric matrix. The microalgae and cellulose-based delivery system proved to be an interesting option for dermic and cosmetic applications because the exposure time of the therapeutic biomolecules was improved, and this factor consists of a competitive benefit for dermic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12112689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T22:48:47Z","timestamp":1605566927000},"page":"2689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Biopolymeric Delivery Systems for Cosmetic Applications Using Chlorella vulgaris Algae and Tea Tree Essential Oil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7286-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via P.","family":"Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas d\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio M. S.","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas d\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana M. R.","family":"Curto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas d\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), University of Coimbra, R. S\u00edlvio Lima, Polo II, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.04.007","article-title":"Morphology, composition, production, processing and applications of Chlorella vulgaris: A review","volume":"35","author":"Safi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.01.006","article-title":"Microalgae biorefinery: High value products perspectives","volume":"229","author":"Chew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-010-9214-7","article-title":"Commercial application of microalgae other than as biofuels: A brief review","volume":"10","author":"Milledge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. 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