{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:34:41Z","timestamp":1777055681989,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":284,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/QUI\/00313\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/QUI\/00313\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are an exciting new class of microporous polymers with unprecedented properties in organic material chemistry. They are generally built from rigid, geometrically defined organic building blocks resulting in robust, covalently bonded crystalline networks that extend in two or three dimensions. By strategically combining monomers with specific structures and properties, synthesized COF materials can be fine-tuned and controlled at the atomic level, with unparalleled precision on intrapore chemical environment; moreover, the unusually high pore accessibility allows for easy post-synthetic pore wall modification after the COF is synthesized. Overall, COFs combine high, permanent porosity and surface area with high thermal and chemical stability, crystallinity and customizability, making them ideal candidates for a myriad of promising new solutions in a vast number of scientific fields, with widely varying applications such as gas adsorption and storage, pollutant removal, degradation and separation, advanced filtration, heterogeneous catalysis, chemical sensing, biomedical applications, energy storage and production and a vast array of optoelectronic solutions. This review attempts to give a brief insight on COF history, the overall strategies and techniques for rational COF synthesis and post-synthetic functionalization, as well as a glance at the exponentially growing field of COF research, summarizing their main properties and introducing the numerous technological and industrial state of the art applications, with noteworthy examples found in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13060970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T12:55:07Z","timestamp":1616417707000},"page":"970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties and Applications\u2014An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3088-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago F.","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. Elisa Silva","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1391-9855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Murtinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur J. M.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6056-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mu.","family":"Naushad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaghi, O.M., Kalmutzki, M.J., and Diercks, C.S. (2019). Introduction to Reticular Chemistry, Wiley-VCH. 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