{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T11:07:14Z","timestamp":1775473634105,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pectin films were developed by incorporating a halophyte plant Salicornia ramosissima (dry powder from stem parts) to modify the film\u2019s properties. The films\u2019 physicomechanical properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microstructure, as well as their biodegradation capacity in soil and seawater, were evaluated. The inclusion of S. ramosissima significantly increased the thickness (0.25 \u00b1 0.01 mm; control 0.18 \u00b1 0.01 mm), color parameters a* (4.96 \u00b1 0.30; control 3.29 \u00b1 0.16) and b* (28.62 \u00b1 0.51; control 12.74 \u00b1 0.75), water vapor permeability (1.62 \u00d7 10\u22129 \u00b1 1.09 \u00d7 10\u221210 (g\/m\u00b7s\u00b7Pa); control 1.24 \u00d7 10\u22129 \u00b1 6.58 \u00d7 10\u221211 (g\/m\u00b7s\u00b7Pa)), water solubility (50.50 \u00b1 5.00%; control 11.56 \u00b1 5.56%), and elongation at break (5.89 \u00b1 0.29%; control 3.91 \u00b1 0.62%). On the other hand, L* (48.84 \u00b1 1.60), tensile strength (0.13 \u00b1 0.02 MPa), and Young\u2019s modulus (0.01 \u00b1 0 MPa) presented lower values compared with the control (L* 81.20 \u00b1 1.60; 4.19 \u00b1 0.82 MPa; 0.93 \u00b1 0.12 MPa), while the moisture content varied between 30% and 45%, for the film with S. ramosissima and the control film, respectively. The addition of S. ramosissima led to opaque films with relatively heterogeneous microstructures. The films showed also good biodegradation capacity\u2014after 21 days in soil (around 90%), and after 30 days in seawater (fully fragmented). These results show that pectin films with S. ramosissima may have great potential to be used in the future as an eco-friendly food packaging material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13162632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T21:35:40Z","timestamp":1628458540000},"page":"2632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with Salicornia ramosissima: Biodegradation in Soil and Seawater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Daniela G. M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Campus da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge M.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3593-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio A.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui M. S.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Campus da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2013.04.008","article-title":"Effect of the incorporation of antioxidants on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of wheat starch\u2013chitosan films","volume":"118","author":"Bonilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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