{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T17:08:37Z","timestamp":1771261717791,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two significant limitations of using TiO2 nanoparticles for water treatment applications are reduced photocatalytic activity under visible radiation and difficulty recovering the particles after use. In this study, round-shaped Ag@TiO2 nanocomposites with a \u224821 nm diameter and a bandgap energy of 2.8 eV were synthesised by a deposition-precipitation method. These nanocomposites were immobilised into a porous poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) matrix and well-distributed within the pores. The photocatalytic activity of Ag@TiO2\/PVDF-HFP against metronidazole (MNZ) under solar radiation was evaluated. Further, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was applied to predict the effect of four independent variables, including initial pollutant concentration, pH, light irradiation intensity, and reaction time, on the photocatalytic performance of the composite membrane on MNZ degradation. The 10% Ag@TiO2\/PVDF-HFP composite membrane showed a maximum removal efficiency of 100% after 5 h under solar radiation. After three use cycles, this efficiency remained practically constant, demonstrating the membranes\u2019 reusability and suitability for water remediation applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13213718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T23:51:36Z","timestamp":1635465096000},"page":"3718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Reusable Ag@TiO2-Based Photocatalytic Nanocomposite Membranes for Solar Degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lamine","family":"Aoudjit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de D\u00e9veloppement des \u00c9quipementssolaires, UDES\/Centre de D\u00e9veloppement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, Bou Ismail, W. Tipaza 42415, Alg\u00e9ria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4552-6383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre\/Department of Physics, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre\/Department of Chemistry, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Djamila","family":"Zioui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de D\u00e9veloppement des \u00c9quipementssolaires, UDES\/Centre de D\u00e9veloppement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, Bou Ismail, W. Tipaza 42415, Alg\u00e9ria"}]},{"given":"Aicha","family":"Sebti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de D\u00e9veloppement des \u00c9quipementssolaires, UDES\/Centre de D\u00e9veloppement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, Bou Ismail, W. Tipaza 42415, Alg\u00e9ria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8179-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Manuel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation on Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senentxu","family":"Lanceros-Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV\/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.3923\/ajava.2011.1026.1030","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica infections in a king horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rex): A first case report","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J. 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