{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T22:52:38Z","timestamp":1767567158625,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/141642\/2018","SFRH\/BPD\/117838\/2016","UID\/EMS\/00151\/2020","UID\/EMS\/00151\/2020","UID\/EMS\/00151\/2020","PTDC\/BTM-MAT\/28237\/2017","PTDC\/BTM-MAT\/28237\/2017","PTDC\/FIS-MAC\/28157\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/141642\/2018","SFRH\/BPD\/117838\/2016","UID\/EMS\/00151\/2020","UID\/EMS\/00151\/2020","UID\/EMS\/00151\/2020","PTDC\/BTM-MAT\/28237\/2017","PTDC\/BTM-MAT\/28237\/2017","PTDC\/FIS-MAC\/28157\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundo Social Europeu","award":["SFRH\/BD\/141642\/2018","SFRH\/BPD\/117838\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/141642\/2018","SFRH\/BPD\/117838\/2016"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Spanish State Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-106099RB-C43\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-106099RB-C43\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-106099RB-C43\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-106099RB-C43\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basque Government Industry and Education Departments","award":["ELKARTEK","PIBA-2018-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELKARTEK","PIBA-2018-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work reports on the production of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and water as non-solvent. The influence of the processing conditions in the morphology, surface characteristics, structure, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated for polymer dissolution temperatures between 25 and 150 \u00b0C and conditioning time between 0 and 10 min. Finger-like pore morphology was obtained for all membranes and increasing the polymer dissolution temperature led to an increase in the average pore size (\u22480.9 and 2.1 \u00b5m), porosity (\u224850 to 90%) and water contact angle (up to 80\u00b0), in turn decreasing the \u03b2 PVDF content (\u224867 to 20%) with the degree of crystallinity remaining approximately constant (\u224856%). The conditioning time did not significantly affect the polymer properties studied. Thus, the control of NIPS parameters proved to be suitable for tailoring PVDF membrane properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13234062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T02:34:05Z","timestamp":1638326045000},"page":"4062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Polymer Dissolution Temperature and Conditioning Time on the Morphological and Physicochemical Characteristics of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Membranes Prepared by Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CF-UM-UP, Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3039-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Fernandes","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CF-UM-UP, Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"CMEMS-UMinho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Miguel","family":"Mor\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI, The Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6024-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Nunes-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CF-UM-UP, Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"C-MAST-UBI, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marqu\u00eas d\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6200-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senentxu","family":"Lanceros-Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV\/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, R.W. 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