{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T22:31:30Z","timestamp":1771799490335,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lignin is a widely abundant renewable source of phenolic compounds. Despite the growing interest on using it as a substitute for its petroleum-based counterparts, only 1 to 2% of the global lignin production is used for obtaining value-added products. Lignosulphonates (LS), derived from the sulphite pulping process, account for 90% of the total market of commercial lignin. The most successful industrial attempts to use lignin for wood adhesives are based on using this polymer as a partial substitute in phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resins. Alternatively, formaldehyde-free adhesives with lignin and lignosulphonates have also been developed with promising results. However, the low number of reactive sites available in lignin\u2019s aromatic ring and high polydispersity have hindered its application in resin synthesis. Currently, finding suitable crosslinkers for LS and decreasing the long pressing time associated with lignin adhesives remains a challenge. Thus, several methods have been proposed to improve the reactivity of lignin molecules. In this paper, techniques to extract, characterize, as well as improve the reactivity of LS are addressed. The most recent advances in the application of LS in wood adhesives, with and without combination with formaldehyde, are also reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13234196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T02:34:05Z","timestamp":1638326045000},"page":"4196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Lignosulphonates as an Alternative to Non-Renewable Binders in Wood-Based Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9216-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ferra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonae Arauco Portugal S.A., Lugar do Espido\u2014Via Norte, 4470-177 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"N\u00e1dia","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonae Arauco Portugal S.A., Lugar do Espido\u2014Via Norte, 4470-177 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DEMad\u2013Departamento de Engenharia de Madeiras, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa H.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DEMad\u2013Departamento de Engenharia de Madeiras, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fern\u00e3o D.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2013Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Berlin, A. 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