{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T05:03:00Z","timestamp":1777352580010,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Predictable outcomes intended by the application of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) derivative membranes have created a lack of consideration for their consistency and functional integrity. This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties through tensile strength and analyze the structural organization among the membranes produced by L-PRF (leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin), A-PRF (advanced platelet-rich fibrin), and A-PRF+ (advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus) (original protocols) that varied in centrifugation speed and time. L-PRF (n = 12), A-PRF (n = 19), and A-PRF+ (n = 13) membranes were submitted to a traction test, evaluating the maximum and average traction. For maximum traction, 0.0020, 0.0022, and 0.0010 N\u00b7mm\u22122 were obtained for A-PRF, A-PRF+, and L-PRF, respectively; regarding the average resistance to traction, 0.0012, 0.0015, and 0.006 N\u00b7mm\u22122 were obtained, respectively (A-PRF+ &gt; A-PRF &gt; L-PRF). For all groups studied, significant results were found. In the surface morphology observations through SEM, the L-PRF matrix showed a highly compact surface with thick fibers present within interfibrous areas with the apparent destruction of red blood cells and leukocytes. The A-PRF protocol showed a dense matrix composed of thin and elongated fibers that seemed to follow a preferential and orientated direction in which the platelets were well-adhered. Porosity was also evident with a large diameter of the interfibrous spaces whereas A-PRF+ was the most porous platelet concentrate with the greatest fiber abundance and cell preservation. Thus, this study concluded that A-PRF+ produced membranes with significant and higher maximum traction results, indicating a better viscoelastic strength when stretched by two opposing forces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14071392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:45:51Z","timestamp":1648590351000},"page":"1392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Tensile Strength Essay Comparing Three Different Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes (L-PRF, A-PRF, and A-PRF+): A Mechanical and Structural In Vitro Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mara","family":"Sim\u00f5es-Pedro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 3515-320 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro Maria B. P. S.","family":"Tr\u00f3ia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 3515-320 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno Bernardo Malta","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 3515-320 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3972-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio M. G.","family":"Completo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, TEMA\u2014University of Aveiro, 3810-549 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5358-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogerio Moraes","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3022-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Vicentis","family":"de Oliveira Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.114344","article-title":"Role of Platelet rich fibrin in wound healing: A critical review","volume":"16","author":"Jayadev","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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