{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:41:50Z","timestamp":1772768510911,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"(DGRSDT) Direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Recherche Scientifique et du d\u00e9veloppement Technologique-Algeria","award":["Green Thermosets"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Green Thermosets"]}]},{"name":"(DGRSDT) Direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Recherche Scientifique et du d\u00e9veloppement Technologique-Algeria","award":["Green Thermosets Reference UID\/Multi\/04044\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Green Thermosets Reference UID\/Multi\/04044\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Centro2020","award":["Green Thermosets"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Green Thermosets"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Centro2020","award":["Green Thermosets Reference UID\/Multi\/04044\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Green Thermosets Reference UID\/Multi\/04044\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present work, we report a simple synthesis method for preparation of copolymers and nanocomposites from limonene and styrene using clay as a catalyst. The copolymerization reaction is carried out by using a proton exchanged clay as a catalyst called Mag-H+. The effect of temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst were studied, and the obtained copolymer structure (lim-co-sty) is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The molecular weight of the obtained copolymer is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and is about 4500 g\u00b7mol\u22121. The (lim-co-sty\/Mag 1%, 3%, 7% and 10% by weight of clay) nanocomposites were prepared through polymer\/clay mixture in solution method using ultrasonic irradiation, in the presence of Mag-CTA+ as green nano-reinforcing filler. The Mag-CTA+ is organophilic silicate clay prepared through a direct exchange process, using cetyltrimethylammonuim bromide (CTAB). The prepared lim-co-sty\/Mag nanocomposites have been extensively characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis confirms the results obtained by XRD and clearly show that the obtained nanocomposites are partially exfoliated for the lower amount of clay (1% and 3% wt) and intercalated for higher amounts of clay (7% and 10% wt). Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated an enhancement of thermal stability of nanocomposites compared with the pure copolymer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14142820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T03:50:36Z","timestamp":1657597836000},"page":"2820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymers and Nanocomposites from Limonene, Styrene and Organomodified-Clay Using Ultrasonic Assisted Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hodhaifa","family":"Derdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Si\u00e8ge ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie des Polym\u00e8res (LCP), D\u00e9partement de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N\u00b0 1524 El M\u2019Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7977-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffey Robert","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Institute Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-080 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sarra","family":"Chaibedraa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie des Polym\u00e8res (LCP), D\u00e9partement de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N\u00b0 1524 El M\u2019Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0041-0275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vidhura Subash","family":"Mahendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Food Science and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, UK"}]},{"given":"Zakaria","family":"Cherifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Si\u00e8ge ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie des Polym\u00e8res (LCP), D\u00e9partement de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N\u00b0 1524 El M\u2019Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0624-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaldoun","family":"Bachari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Si\u00e8ge ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Redouane","family":"Chebout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Si\u00e8ge ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Fouzia","family":"Touahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), BP 10 384, Si\u00e8ge ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, Bou-Ismail CP, Tipaza 42004, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Meghabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie des Polym\u00e8res (LCP), D\u00e9partement de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N\u00b0 1524 El M\u2019Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Belbachir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie des Polym\u00e8res (LCP), D\u00e9partement de Chimie, FSEA, Oran1 University Ahmed Benbella BP N\u00b0 1524 El M\u2019Naouar, Oran 31000, Algeria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2009.10.001","article-title":"Polymers from Renewable 1,4:3,6-Dianhydrohexitols (Isosorbide, Isomannide and Isoidide): A Review","volume":"35","author":"Fenouillot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. 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