{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:03:13Z","timestamp":1760230993197,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Fundac\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.\/MCTES","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Embossing is a functional and strategic process for creating high-quality multi-sensory tissue-paper products. Embossing modifies the sheet surface by generating hill and\/or valley designs, changing the third-dimension z with a compressive die. This research work specifically concerns the impact study of the engraving finishing geometry on the final properties of tissue paper. This work led us to conclude that, even though the sheets individually present a higher hand-feel (HF) value for the straight finishing geometry, the highest softness was obtained in the two-ply prototype for the round finishing geometry. Moreover, this study confirmed that the HF value reduces with the increase of the bulk, being more accentuated for the micropattern. Relevant differences could not be seen in the spreading kinetics of the liquid droplets over time. Thus, the finishing geometry of the 3D plates did not impact the absorption kinetics on these samples. The finite element model allows us to understand the effect of the plate pattern and its finishing geometry on the paper, and the simulation results were in accordance with the experimental results, showing the same trend where patterns with a round finishing geometry marked the tissue-paper sheet more than patterns with a straight finishing did.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14173448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T23:48:58Z","timestamp":1661384938000},"page":"3448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Embossing Lines and Dots Geometry Effect on the Key Tissue Paper Properties with Finite Element Method Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Costa","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio de O.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5586-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Leite","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Aeronautical Engineering Department, S\u00e3o Carlos School of Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Jo\u00e3o Dagnone de Melo, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-120, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6165-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Costa","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies (C-MAST-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest and Paper Research Institute (RAIZ), R. Jos\u00e9 Estev\u00e3o, Eixo, 3800-783 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7374-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Torr\u00e3o","family":"Fiadeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.24867\/JGED-2017-2-047","article-title":"Performance evaluation of paper embossing tools produced by fused deposition modelling additive manufacturing technology","volume":"8","author":"Banjanin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Graph. Eng. Des."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2018.10.006","article-title":"Characterizing Materials and Processes Used on Paper Tissue Converting Lines","volume":"17","author":"Spina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Biagiotti, M. (2019, January 08). Tissue Embossing Developments | The Tissue Story. Available online: https:\/\/www.tissuestory.com\/2017\/11\/21\/tissue-embossing-developments\/."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Wilhelm, L. (2005). Embossing Roll and Embossed Substract. (WO2005065928A1)."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e1l, M., Banjanin, B., Dedijer, S., Vladi\u0107, G., and Bo\u0161njakovi\u0107, G. (2020, January 16\u201317). Preliminary analysis of image processing-based evaluation of embossing quality. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020, Kashan, Iran.","DOI":"10.24867\/GRID-2020-p29"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Khan, A.A. (2021, November 14). Development of Model to Simulate Embossing of Tissue Paper: Effect of Embossing on Mechanical Performance of Tissue. Thesis for Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Available online: https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:1590118\/FULLTEXT01.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieira, J.C., Mendes, A.d.O., Ribeiro, M.L., Vieira, A.C., Carta, A.M., Fiadeiro, P.T., and Costa, A.P. (2022). Embossing Pressure Effect on Mechanical and Softness Properties of Industrial Base Tissue Papers with Finite Element Method Validation. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15124324"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieira, J.C., Mendes, A.d.O., Ribeiro, M.L., Vieira, A.C., Carta, A.M., Fiadeiro, P.T., and Costa, A.P. 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