{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T21:11:48Z","timestamp":1776287508275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00195\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00195\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aims at the design and engineering of sustainable biomaterials based on natural fibers to replace non-renewable fiber sources in the development of non-woven delivery systems. Cellulose fibers were used as the main support to produce multi-structured materials with the incorporation of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) as an additive. A 3D carboxymethylcellulose matrix retaining a natural bioactive product, eucalyptus essential oil, (CMC\/EO), with controlled release functionalities, was also applied to these materials using bulk and spray coating methodologies. Additionally, using a 3D modeling and simulation strategy, different interest scenarios were predicted to design new formulations with improved functional properties. Overall, the results showed that MFC provided up to 5% improved strength (+48%) at the expense of reduced softness (\u221210%) and absorbency (\u221213%) and presented a good potential to be used as an additive to maximize natural eucalyptus fibers content in formulations. The addition of CMC\/EO into formulations\u2019 bulk revealed better strength properties (21\u201328%), while its surface coating improved absorption (23\u201325%). This indicated that both application methods can be used in structures proposed for different sustainable applications or a more localized therapy, respectively. This optimization methodology consists of a competitive benefit to produce high-quality functionalized biomaterials for added-value applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14173621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:19:01Z","timestamp":1662077941000},"page":"3621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Design and Engineering of Natural Cellulose Fiber-Based Biomaterials with Eucalyptus Essential Oil Retention to Replace Non-Biodegradable Delivery Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7286-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via P.","family":"Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas de D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5379-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana M. R.","family":"Curto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas de D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Universidade de Coimbra, R. S\u00edlvio Lima, Polo II, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2015.1103240","article-title":"Recent Advances in Bionanocomposites: Preparation, Properties, and Applications","volume":"65","author":"Mousa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. 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