{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:26:51Z","timestamp":1762342011935,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portugal 2020 through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","LA\/P\/0006\/2020","57\/2016","57\/2017","CEECIND\/00464\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","LA\/P\/0006\/2020","57\/2016","57\/2017","CEECIND\/00464\/2017"]}]},{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","LA\/P\/0006\/2020","57\/2016","57\/2017","CEECIND\/00464\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","LA\/P\/0006\/2020","57\/2016","57\/2017","CEECIND\/00464\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","LA\/P\/0006\/2020","57\/2016","57\/2017","CEECIND\/00464\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","LA\/P\/0006\/2020","57\/2016","57\/2017","CEECIND\/00464\/2017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Scientific Employment Stimulus to C.S.R.F.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","LA\/P\/0006\/2020","57\/2016","57\/2017","CEECIND\/00464\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020","LA\/P\/0006\/2020","57\/2016","57\/2017","CEECIND\/00464\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, packaging applications require the use of advanced materials as well as production methods that have a low environmental impact. In this study, a solvent-free photopolymerizable paper coating was developed using two acrylic monomers (2-ethylhexyl acrylate and isobornyl methacrylate). A copolymer, with a molar ratio of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate\/isobornyl methacrylate of 0.64\/0.36, was prepared and used as the main component of the coating formulations (50 and 60 wt%). A mixture of the monomers with the same proportion was used as a reactive solvent, yielding formulations with 100% solids. The coated papers showed an increase in the pick-up values from 6.7 to 32 g\/m2 depending on the formulation used and the number of coating layers (up to two). The coated papers maintained their mechanical properties and presented improved air barrier properties (Gurley\u2019s air resistivity of \u224825 s for the higher pick-up values). All the formulations promoted a significant increase in the paper\u2019s water contact angle (all higher than 120 \u00b0) and a remarkable decrease in their water absorption (Cobb values decrease from 108 to 11 g\/m2). The results confirm the potential of these solventless formulations for fabricating hydrophobic papers with potential application in packaging, following a quick, effective, and more sustainable approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15051069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T01:39:47Z","timestamp":1677029987000},"page":"1069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Solventless Photopolymerizable Paper Coating Formulation for Packaging Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"F\u00e1bio M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5600-2396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J. B.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6462-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Barros-Timmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen S. R.","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtsust.2021.100084","article-title":"Trends in sustainable biobased packaging materials: A mini review","volume":"15","author":"Stark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Sustain."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134455","article-title":"Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects","volume":"702","author":"Prata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-022-00132-8","article-title":"A review of multilayer and composite films and coatings for active biodegradable packaging","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Sci. Food"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobab.2021.11.004","article-title":"Biobased materials for food packaging","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bioresour. Bioprod."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117431","article-title":"Multilayer surface construction for enhancing barrier properties of cellulose-based packaging","volume":"255","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings5040887","article-title":"Bio-Based Coatings for Paper Applications","volume":"5","author":"Rastogi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-021-00314-2","article-title":"Recent advances in cellulose-based hydrophobic food packaging","volume":"5","author":"Asim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emergent Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4902","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.14.2.Helanto","article-title":"Bio-based polymers for sustainable packaging and biobarriers: A critical review","volume":"14","author":"Helanto","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2013.869360","article-title":"Bio-based coatings as potential barriers to chemical contaminants from recycled paper and board for food packaging","volume":"31","author":"Guazzotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part A"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-014-0380-6","article-title":"Biopolymers for surface engineering of paper-based products","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaithanomsat, P., Kongsin, K., Trakunjae, C., Boonyarit, J., Jarerat, A., Sudesh, K., and Chollakup, R. (2021). Biosynthesized Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) on Coated Pineapple Leaf Fiber Papers for Biodegradable Packaging Application. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13111733"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2022.106945","article-title":"Identification of factors affecting the reduction of VOC emissions in the paint industry: Systematic literature review\u2014SLR","volume":"170","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulker, O., Ulker, O., and Hiziroglu, S. (2021). Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Coated Furniture Units. Coatings, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11070806"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2020.105682","article-title":"Studies on Semi-crystalline Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) as a Hydrophobic Coating Material on Kraft Paper for Imparting Barrier Properties in Coated Abrasive Applications","volume":"145","author":"Sundar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46936","DOI":"10.1002\/app.46936","article-title":"Cellulose fatty acid ester coated papers for stand-up pouch applications","volume":"135","author":"Ropponen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800618","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800618","article-title":"State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges of UV Curable Polymer-Based Smart Materials for Printing Technologies","volume":"4","author":"Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2018.04.030","article-title":"Fast photopolymerization of acrylate coatings: Achievements and problems","volume":"121","author":"Khudyakov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pezzana, L., Malmstr\u00f6m, E., Johansson, M., and Sangermano, M. (2021). UV-Curable Bio-Based Polymers Derived from Industrial Pulp and Paper Processes. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13091530"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2011.08.002","article-title":"Solventless UV crosslinkable acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives","volume":"31","author":"Kajtna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2004.05.012","article-title":"Development in the area of UV-crosslinkable solvent-based pressure-sensitive adhesives with excellent shrinkage resistance","volume":"40","author":"Czech","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1163\/016942411X576518","article-title":"Adhesion Performance and Microscope Morphology of UV-Curable Semi-interpenetrated Dicing Acrylic PSAs in Si-Wafer Manufacture Process for MCP","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2013.12.010","article-title":"Synthesis and dynamic mechanical analysis of nanocomposite UV crosslinkable 100% solid acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives","volume":"49","author":"Kajtna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2016.09.015","article-title":"Effect of surface modification on nano-diamond particles for surface and thermal property of UV-curable hybrid coating","volume":"101","author":"Kahraman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1080\/10601325.2013.802195","article-title":"Emulsions Stabilized with poly(Hydroxyethyl Acrylate-co-Coumaryl Acrylate-co-2-Ethylhexyl acrylate)","volume":"50","author":"Seo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Macromol. Sci. Part A"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1002\/app.33777","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of poly[methyl methacrylate-co-2-ethylhexyl acrylate-co-poly(propylene glycol diacrylate)] latices","volume":"122","author":"Bajpai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7316","DOI":"10.1021\/ma960710i","article-title":"Synthesis and Properties of Poly[isobornyl methacrylate (IBMA)-b-butadiene (BD)-b-IBMA] Copolymers: New Thermoplastic Elastomers of a Large Service Temperature Range","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ossowicz-Rupniewska, P., Bednarczyk, P., Nowak, M., Nowak, A., Duchnik, W., Kucharski, \u0141., Rokicka, J., Klimowicz, A., and Czech, Z. (2021). Sustainable UV-Crosslinkable Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives for Medical Application. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111840"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7459","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b01072","article-title":"Highly Hydrophobic Coatings from Waterborne Latexes","volume":"32","author":"Asua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7005","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SM01081D","article-title":"Controlling film topography to form highly hydrophobic waterborne coatings","volume":"12","author":"Asua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4534","DOI":"10.1021\/ie403396e","article-title":"Double-Layer Coating Films Prepared from Water-Borne Latexes of Acrylate\u2013Vinylidene Chloride Copolymers: Investigating Their Heavy-Duty Anticorrosive Properties","volume":"53","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.034","article-title":"A waterborne polyurethane coating functionalized by isobornyl with enhanced antibacterial adhesion and hydrophobic property","volume":"108","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.1c00597","article-title":"Rationalizing the Composition Dependence of Glass Transition Temperatures in Amorphous Polymer\/POSS Composites","volume":"10","author":"Young","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-006-0084-1","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of three-component thermosetting acrylic polymer light conduits","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2019.03.044","article-title":"All-dry synthesis of poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) nanocoatings using initiated chemical vapor deposition method","volume":"132","author":"Karaman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2012.10.042","article-title":"Antibacterial paper based on composite coatings of nanofibrillated cellulose and ZnO","volume":"417","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6432","DOI":"10.1021\/ie100573z","article-title":"Production of Coated Papers with Improved Properties by Using a Water-Soluble Chitosan Derivative","volume":"49","author":"Fernandes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.12.3.4854-4866","article-title":"Relationship between Paper Whiteness and Color Reproduction in Inkjet Printing","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresources"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, P., Ouyang, Y., Xu, M., Yang, L., and Ouyang, Y. (2017). Advanced Graphic Communications and Media Technologies, Qilu University of Technology, Sch Printing & Packaging.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-3530-2"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.11.1.2886-2963","article-title":"Fillers for Papermaking: A Review of their Properties, Usage Practices, and their Mechanistic Role","volume":"11","author":"Hubbe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresources"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"272","article-title":"Synthesis of Environmental-Friendly Starch-acrylic Coating Sols by Emulsion Polymerization","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Elastomers Compos."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1039\/C3EE43024C","article-title":"Transparent paper: Fabrications, properties, and device applications","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunam, P.K., Ramakanth, D., Akhila, K., and Gaikwad, K.K. (2022). Bio-based materials for barrier coatings on paper packaging. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery, 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-022-03241-2"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarr\u00e9s, Q., Aguado, R., P\u00e8lach, M., Mutj\u00e9, P., and Delgado-Aguilar, M. (2021). Electrospray Deposition of Cellulose Nanofibers on Paper: Overcoming the Limitations of Conventional Coating. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12010079"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.037","article-title":"Sustainable paper coating with enhanced barrier properties based on esterified lignin and PBAT blend","volume":"209","author":"Shorey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.7569\/JRM.2017.634156","article-title":"Surfactant-Assisted Poly(lactic acid)\/Cellulose Nanocrystal Bionanocomposite for Potential Application in Paper Coating","volume":"6","author":"Diab","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Renew. Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.09.089","article-title":"Plasma-induced polymerization for enhancing paper hydrophobicity","volume":"92","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b07397","article-title":"Chitosan\u2013Graft\u2013Poly(dimethylsiloxane)\/Zein Coatings for the Fabrication of Environmentally Friendly Oil- and Water-Resistant Paper","volume":"8","author":"Hamdani","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faro, E.L., Menozzi, C., Licciardello, F., and Fava, P. (2021). Improvement of Paper Resistance against Moisture and Oil by Coating with Poly(-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and Polycaprolactone (PCL). Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11178058"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2010.08.008","article-title":"Modifications of paper and paperboard surfaces with a nanostructured polymer coating","volume":"69","author":"Samyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/5\/1069\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:38:06Z","timestamp":1760121486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/5\/1069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["polym15051069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym15051069","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4360"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]}}}