{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:00:56Z","timestamp":1760148056802,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Companies regularly face market pressure to develop products faster but they also need to simultaneously incorporate technological constraints, sustainability trends, and customer requirements into their designs, which requires the use of systematic procedures. Firms that exploit natural resources and convert them into high-value products are among them. However, the literature on the application of such systematic approaches to products of this type remains scarce, as they often requrire extensive experimental plans involving the testing and optimization of multiple formulations. Here, we propose a systematic approach to the design of pine-resin-in-water emulsions, which can be used to fabricate pressure-sensitive adhesives. The strategy is customer-centric in the sense that the customers\u2019 specifications are integrated into the decision-making tool used to assess the quality of the formulations obtained through experiments. This tool uses loss functions to assess satisfaction with individual quality characteristics and multi-attribute decision-making methods to integrate them into an overall quality metric. Our framework is aligned with industrial practices and consists of three sequential stages: (i) screening of primary factors; (ii) optimization of secondary factors; and (iii) assessment of the experimental repeatability of the formulations. In each of these stages, the decision-making tool is used to \u201cdrive\u201d the process of finding the optimal formulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15071691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T01:33:00Z","timestamp":1680053580000},"page":"1691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On the Design of Aqueous Emulsions of Colophony Resin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0912-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isa B. D.","family":"Ingrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3393-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula C. N.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia dos Processos Qu\u00edmicos e dos Produtos da Floresta, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Gameiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kemi Pine Rosins Portugal, S.A., Zona Industrial de Cantanhede, Lote 122, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2550-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belmiro P. M.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia dos Processos Qu\u00edmicos e dos Produtos da Floresta, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coche.2019.10.005","article-title":"Chemical product design\u2014Recent advances and perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmsen, J., de Haan, A.B., and Swinkels, P.L. (2018). 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