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are important components for the development of lightweight and flexible displays useful in smart materials. In particular, halochromic textiles are fibrous materials with a color-changing ability triggered by pH variations mainly based on pH-sensitive dye molecules. Recently, a novel class of 2-aminoimidazole azo dyes was developed with distinct substituent patterns. In this work, silk fabric was functionalized through exhaustion for the first time with one of these dyes (AzoIz.Pip). The halochromic properties of the dye were assessed in an aqueous solution and after silk functionalization. The solutions and the fabrics were thoroughly analyzed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra, color strength (K\/S), color difference (\u2206E), CIE L*a*b* coordinates, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The dyeing process was optimized, and the halochromic performance (and reversibility) was assessed in universal Britton\u2013Robinson buffers (ranging from pH 3 to 12) and artificial body fluids (acid and alkaline perspiration, and wound exudate). AzoIz.Pip showed vibrant colors and attractive halochromic properties with a hypsochromic shift from blue (557 nm) to magenta (536 nm) in aqueous buffered solutions. Similarly, the functionalized silk showed a shift in wavelength of the maximum K\/S value from 590 nm to 560 nm when pH increases. The silk fabric showed a high affinity to AzoIz.Pip, and promoted additional color stabilization of the dye, avoiding color loss as observed when the dye is in solution at alkaline pH after 24 h. The color reversibility was effective up to the fourth cycle and the fastness tests denoted suitable results, except washing fastness. The cytotoxicity of the silk fabric extracts was assessed, depicting reduced viability of HaCaT cells to &lt;70% only when the dye concentration in the fabric is higher or equal to 64 \u03bcg\u00b7mL\u22121. Nevertheless, lower concentrations were also very effective for the halochromic performance in silk. These materials can thus be a helpful tool for developing sensors in several sectors such as biomedicine, packaging, filtration, agriculture, protective apparel, sports, camouflage, architecture, and design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15071730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T01:37:02Z","timestamp":1680226622000},"page":"1730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Halochromic Silk Fabric as a Reversible pH-Sensor Based on a Novel 2-Aminoimidazole Azo Dye"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9556-6311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6205-7673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2948-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eug\u00e9nia","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9962-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1382-5119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Remi\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1581-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasyl","family":"Shvalya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gaseous Electronics (F6), Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1957-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uros","family":"Cvelbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gaseous Electronics (F6), Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5630-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alice Maria","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Centre of University of Minho (CQUM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Zille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zysset, C., Kinkeldei, T., M\u00fcnzenrieder, N., Tr\u00f6ster, G., and Cherenack, K. 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