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Such an approach can be implemented, in association with biomaterials and nanotechnology, for the development of new therapies for neurological diseases, including direct cell transplantation and the development of platforms for drug screening and disease progression evaluation. Poly(aniline):camphorsulfonic acid (PANI:CSA) is one of the most well-studied electroconductive polymers, capable of directing an externally applied electrical field to neural cells in culture. There are several examples in the literature on the development of PANI:CSA-based scaffolds and platforms for electrical stimulation, but no review has examined the fundamentals and physico-chemical determinants of PANI:CSA for the design of platforms for electrical stimulation. This review evaluates the current literature regarding the application of electrical stimulation to neural cells, specifically reviewing: (1) the fundamentals of bioelectricity and electrical stimulation; (2) the use of PANI:CSA-based systems for electrical stimulation of cell cultures; and (3) the development of scaffolds and setups to support the electrical stimulation of cells. Throughout this work, we critically evaluate the revised literature and provide a steppingstone for the clinical application of the electrical stimulation of cells using electroconductive PANI:CSA platforms\/scaffolds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15122674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T02:03:19Z","timestamp":1686794599000},"page":"2674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Designing Electrical Stimulation Platforms for Neural Cell Cultivation Using Poly(aniline): Camphorsulfonic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio F. F.","family":"Garrudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Linhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5177-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico Castelo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Morgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.020","article-title":"Deep Brain Stimulation Influences Brain Structure in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"8","author":"Sankar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.11.012","article-title":"Chronic deep brain stimulation in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model enhances memory and reduces pathological hallmarks","volume":"11","author":"Mann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23951","article-title":"Adaptive deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson disease","volume":"74","author":"Little","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. 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