{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:48:31Z","timestamp":1772804911545,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["2020.04017.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.04017.CEECIND"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The investigation of the behaviour of adhesive joints under high strain rates is an active area of research, primarily due to the widespread use of adhesives in various industries, including automotive manufacturing. Understanding how adhesives perform when subjected to high strain rates is crucial for designing vehicle structures. Additionally, it is particularly important to comprehend the behaviour of adhesive joints when exposed to elevated temperatures. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the impact of strain rate and temperature on the mixed-mode fracture characteristics of a polyurethane adhesive. To achieve this, mixed-mode bending tests were conducted on test specimens. These specimens were subjected to three different strain rates (0.2 mm\/min, 200 mm\/min, and 6000 mm\/min) and tested at temperatures ranging from \u221230 \u00b0C to 60 \u00b0C. The crack size was measured using a compliance-based method during the tests. For temperatures above Tg, the maximum load supported by the specimen increased with an increasing loading rate. GI increased by a factor of 35 for an intermediate strain rate and 38 for a high strain rate from low temperature (\u221230 \u00b0C) to room temperature (23 \u00b0C). GII also increased for the same conditions by a factor of 25 and 95 times, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15122675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T02:03:19Z","timestamp":1686794599000},"page":"2675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["From High Strain Rates to Elevated Temperatures: Investigating Mixed-Mode Fracture Behaviour in a Polyurethane Adhesive"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maria J. P.","family":"Ribas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7168-7079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Akhavan-Safar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Pigray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1933-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J. C.","family":"Carbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduardo A. S.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina S. P.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Wenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sika Automotive AG, Kreuzlingerstrasse 35, 8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3272-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas F. M.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1080\/00218464.2022.2044319","article-title":"Effect of temperature and humidity on the creep and aging behavior of adhesive joints under static loads","volume":"99","author":"Tana","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1080\/00218464.2021.1982707","article-title":"Effect of test temperature on the shear and fatigue strengths of epoxy adhesive joints","volume":"98","author":"Houjou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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