{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T07:14:27Z","timestamp":1774422867595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004233","name":"Aid for First Research Projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAID-06-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vice-rectorate for Research of the Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV)","award":["PAID-06-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a new composite material is developed using a semi bio-based polypropylene (bioPP) and micronized argan shell (MAS) byproducts. To improve the interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix, a compatibilizer, PP-g-MA, is used. The samples are prepared using a co-rotating twin extruder followed by an injection molding process. The addition of the MAS filler improves the mechanical properties of the bioPP, as evidenced by an increase in tensile strength from 18.2 MPa to 20.8 MPa. The reinforcement is also observed in the thermomechanical properties, with an increased storage modulus. The thermal characterization and X-ray diffraction indicate that the addition of the filler leads to the formation of \u03b1 structure crystals in the polymer matrix. However, the addition of a lignocellulosic filler also leads to an increased affinity for water. As a result, the water uptake of the composites increases, although it remains relatively low even after 14 weeks. The water contact angle is also reduced. The color of the composites changes to a color similar to wood. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using MAS byproducts to improve their mechanical properties. However, the increased affinity with water should be taken into account in potential applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15122743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T01:59:30Z","timestamp":1687226370000},"page":"2743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Incorporation of Argan Shell Flour in a Biobased Polypropylene Matrix for the Development of High Environmentally Friendly Composites by Injection Molding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Jord\u00e0-Reolid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area-AIJU, Technological Institute for Children\u2019s Products & Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9132-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), Plaza Ferr\u00e1ndiz y Carbonell s\/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6059-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asunci\u00f3n","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area-AIJU, Technological Institute for Children\u2019s Products & Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0790-5801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Covas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimaraes, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8680-4509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"Gomez-Caturla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), Plaza Ferr\u00e1ndiz y Carbonell s\/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-4899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Ivorra-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), Plaza Ferr\u00e1ndiz y Carbonell s\/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8037-2215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Quiles-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), Plaza Ferr\u00e1ndiz y Carbonell s\/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21001","article-title":"Sustainable polymers from renewable resources","volume":"540","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siracusa, V., and Blanco, I. 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