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While electroconductive PEDOT:PSS is extremely challenging to electrospun into fibers. Therefore, PAN, a polymer easy to electrospun, was chosen as a carrier due to its biocompatibility and tunable chemical stability when cross-linked, particularly using strong acids. PAN:PEDOT:PSS blends, prepared from PEDOT:PSS Clevios PH1000, were electrospun into fibers (PH1000) with a diameter of 515 \u00b1 120 nm, which after being thermally annealed (PH1000 24H) and treated with heated sulfuric acid (PH1000 H2SO4), resulted in fibers with diameters of 437 \u00b1 109 and 940 \u00b1 210 nm, respectively. The fibers obtained over the stepwise process were characterized through infra-red\/Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The final fiber meshes showed enhanced electroconductivity (3.2 \u00d7 10\u22123 S cm\u22121, four-points-assay). Fiber meshes biocompatibility was evaluated using fibroblasts and neural stem cells (NSCs) following, respectively, the ISO10993 guidelines and standard adhesion\/proliferation assay. NSCs cultured on PH1000 H2SO4 fibers presented normal morphology and high proliferation rates (0.37 day\u22121 vs. 0.16 day\u22121 for culture plate), indicating high biocompatibility for NSCs. Still, the low initial NSC adhesion of 7% calls for improving seeding methodologies. PAN:PEDOT:PSS fibers, here successful produced for the first time, have potential applications in neural tissue engineering and soft electronics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15132760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T02:09:17Z","timestamp":1687399757000},"page":"2760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Production of Blended Poly(acrylonitrile): Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonate) Electrospun Fibers for Neural Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio F. F.","family":"Garrudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9184-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Filippone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4216-8349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Resina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departament d\u2019Enginyeria Qu\u00edmica and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08019 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4773-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Frederico","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1903-5815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds F. V.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0440-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Clara","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CERENA, DEQ, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Morgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5177-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico Castelo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101617","article-title":"Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials based strategies for neural tissue engineering","volume":"57","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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