{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:35:07Z","timestamp":1774658107645,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-73-00228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-73-00228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study considers a fabrication of magnetoactive scaffolds based on a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) and 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles modified with citric (CA) and oleic (OA) acids by solution electrospinning. The synthesized Fe3O4-CA and Fe3O4-OA nanoparticles are similar in particle size and phase composition, but differ in zeta potential values and magnetic properties. Pure P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds as well as composites with Fe3O4-CA and Fe3O4-OA nanoparticles demonstrate beads-free 1 \u03bcm fibers. According to scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy, fabricated P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds filled with CA-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles have a more homogeneous distribution of magnetic filler due to both the high stabilization ability of CA molecules and the affinity of Fe3O4-CA nanoparticles to the solvent used and P(VDF-TrFE) functional groups. The phase composition of pure and composite scaffolds includes a predominant piezoelectric \u03b2-phase, and a \u03b3-phase, to a lesser extent. When adding Fe3O4-CA and Fe3O4-OA nanoparticles, there was no significant decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the P(VDF-TrFE), which, on the contrary, increased up to 76% in the case of composite scaffolds loaded with 15 wt.% of the magnetic fillers. Magnetic properties, mainly saturation magnetization (Ms), are in a good agreement with the content of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and show, among the known magnetoactive PVDF or P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds, the highest Ms value, equal to 10.0 emu\/g in the case of P(VDF-TrFE) composite with 15 wt.% of Fe3O4-CA nanoparticles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15143135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:12:28Z","timestamp":1690161148000},"page":"3135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effect of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Modified by Citric and Oleic Acids on the Physicochemical and Magnetic Properties of Hybrid Electrospun P(VDF-TrFE) Scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1792-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Botvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research & Development Center \u201cPiezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials\u201d, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5032-4584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Fetisova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Mukhortova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research & Development Center \u201cPiezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials\u201d, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Laboratory for Terahertz Research, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Kazantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Surmeneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research & Development Center \u201cPiezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials\u201d, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3432-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Kholkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research & Development Center \u201cPiezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials\u201d, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8061-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Surmenev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research & Development Center \u201cPiezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials\u201d, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700743","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201700743","article-title":"A review on piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and magnetoelectric materials and device technologies for energy harvesting applications","volume":"20","author":"Narita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. 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