{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:36:21Z","timestamp":1777635381736,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"University of Manchester and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK and the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/R015139\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/R015139\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Large bone reconstruction following trauma poses significant challenges for reconstructive surgeons, leading to a healthcare burden for health systems, long-term pain for patients, and complex disorders such as infections that are difficult to resolve. The use of bone substitutes is suboptimal for substantial bone loss, as they induce localized atrophy and are generally weak, and unable to support load. A combination of strong polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds, with an average channel size of 330 \u00b5m, enriched with 20% w\/w of hydroxyapatite (HA), \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), or Bioglass 45S5 (Bioglass), has been developed and tested for bone regeneration in a critical-size ovine femoral condyle defect model. After 6 weeks, tissue ingrowth was analyzed using X-ray computed tomography (XCT), Backscattered Electron Microscopy (BSE), and histomorphometry. At this point, all materials promoted new bone formation. Histological analysis showed no statistical difference among the different biomaterials (p &gt; 0.05), but PCL-Bioglass scaffolds enhanced bone formation in the center of the scaffold more than the other types of materials. These materials show potential to promote bone regeneration in critical-sized defects on load-bearing sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16010066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:48:37Z","timestamp":1703450917000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Poly-\u03b5-Caprolactone 3D-Printed Porous Scaffold in a Femoral Condyle Defect Model Induces Early Osteo-Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Arianna","family":"De Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael\u2019s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK"}]},{"given":"Aikaterina","family":"Karali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3855-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Daskalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Hing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2HB, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3683-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Jorge","family":"Da Silva Bartolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9568-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2141-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon","family":"Blunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael\u2019s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v11i1.1908","article-title":"The physical, psychological and social impact of long bone fractures on adults: A review","volume":"11","author":"Singaram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr. 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