{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T12:49:21Z","timestamp":1776516561675,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union under the Next Generation EU","award":["60\u2014C645808870-00000067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60\u2014C645808870-00000067"]}]},{"name":"European Union under the Next Generation EU","award":["2022.11157.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.11157.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["60\u2014C645808870-00000067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60\u2014C645808870-00000067"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["2022.11157.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.11157.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing demand for lighter, more environmentally friendly, and affordable solutions in the mobility sector, designers and engineers are actively promoting the use of innovative integral dissimilar structures. In this field, friction stir-based technologies offer unique advantages compared with conventional joining technologies, such as mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding, which recently demonstrated promising results. In this study, an aluminum alloy and a glass fiber-reinforced polymer were friction stir joined in an overlap configuration. To assess the main effects, interactions, and influence of processing parameters on the mechanical strength and processing temperature of the fabricated joints, a full factorial design study with three factors and two levels was carried out. The design of experiments resulted in statistical models with excellent fit to the experimental data, enabling a thorough understanding of the influence of rotational speed, travel speed, and tool tilt angle on dissimilar metal-to-polymer friction stir composite joints. The mechanical strength of the composite joints ranged from 1708.1 \u00b1 45.5 N to 3414.2 \u00b1 317.1, while the processing temperature was between 203.6 \u00b1 10.7 \u00b0C and 251.5 \u00b1 9.7.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16050602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T11:28:47Z","timestamp":1708601327000},"page":"602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Metal\u2013Polymer Friction Stir Composite Joints\u2014A Full Factorial Design of Experiments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8165-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arm\u00e9nio N.","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Beatriz M.","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1356-8319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Cipriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0587-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel F. O.","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Virg\u00ednia","family":"Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Environment Agency (2022). 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