{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:41:27Z","timestamp":1777718487971,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology\u2014FCT (Portugal)","award":["2022.01621.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.01621.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology\u2014FCT (Portugal)","award":["2022.11471.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.11471.BD"]}]},{"name":"grant of Ricardo O. Almeida","award":["2022.01621.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.01621.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"grant of Ricardo O. Almeida","award":["2022.11471.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.11471.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanocelluloses have gained significant attention in recent years due to their singular properties (good biocompatibility, high optical transparency and mechanical strength, large specific surface area, and good film-forming ability) and wide-ranging applications (paper, food packaging, textiles, electronics, and biomedical). This article is a comprehensive review of the applications of nanocelluloses (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, and bacterial nanocellulose) in the conservation and restoration of historical paper documents, including their preparation methods and main properties. The novelty lies in the information collected about nanocelluloses as renewable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable materials in the field of cultural heritage preservation as an alternative to conventional methods. Several studies have demonstrated that nanocelluloses, with or without other particles, may impart to the paper documents excellent optical and mechanical properties, very good stability against temperature and humidity aging, higher antibacterial and antifungal activity, high protection from UV light, and may be applied without requiring additional adhesive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16091227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T04:26:16Z","timestamp":1714364776000},"page":"1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Nanocelluloses and Their Applications in Conservation and Restoration of Historical Documents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7393-8556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana P. S.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo O.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds F. R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Techn&Art, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Quinta do Contador, Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6636-3133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gra\u00e7a V. S.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1474-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. F.","family":"Gamelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/pts.2121","article-title":"The potential of nanocellulose in the packaging field: A review","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Packag. Technol. 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