{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:56:04Z","timestamp":1768697764003,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/95446\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/95446\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/111354\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/111354\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/117202\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/117202\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The construction of multilayered films with tunable properties could offer new routes to produce biomaterials as a platform for 3D cell cultivation. In this study, multilayered films produced with five bilayers of chitosan and alginate (CHT\/ALG) were built using water-soluble modified mesyl and tosyl\u2013CHT via layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly. NMR results demonstrated the presences of mesyl (2.83 ppm) and tosyl groups (2.39, 7.37 and 7.70 ppm) in the chemical structure of modified chitosans. The buildup of multilayered films was monitored by quartz-crystal-microbalance (QCM-D) and film thickness was estimated using the Voigt-based viscoelastic model. QCM-D results demonstrated that CHT\/ALG films constructed using mesyl or tosyl modifications (mCHT\/ALG) were significantly thinner in comparison to the CHT\/ALG films constructed with unmodified chitosan (p &lt; 0.05). Adhesion analysis demonstrated that human adipose stem cells (hASCs) did not adhere to the mCHT\/ALG multilayered films and formed aggregates with sizes between ca. 100\u2013200 \u00b5m. In vitro studies on cell metabolic activity and live\/dead staining suggested that mCHT\/ALG multilayered films are nontoxic toward hACSs. Multilayered films produced via LbL assembly of ALG and off-the-shelf, water-soluble modified chitosans could be used as a scaffold for the 3D aggregates formation of hASCs in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9090440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T10:17:32Z","timestamp":1505297852000},"page":"440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Multilayered Films Produced by Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Chitosan and Alginate as a Potential Platform for the Formation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell aggregates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Javad","family":"Hatami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(03)58005-X","article-title":"Differentiation potential of adipose derived adult stem (ADAS) cells","volume":"58","author":"Gimble","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. 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