{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T07:40:30Z","timestamp":1775547630603,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polysaccharides"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Membrane processes are extensively employed in a range of industrial and food applications. Due to growing environmental concerns and the introduction of regulatory measures, it is imperative to develop innovative membrane materials that can effectively replace petrochemical-based polymers, in line with the principles of a circular economy. The focus of this review is the use of polysaccharides for obtaining films\/membranes for food and industrial applications using selected case studies. Besides the polysaccharides extracted from biomass, the valorization of agrifood residues and the use of plants adapted to arid lands (i.e., cactus) to produce polysaccharide films for food packaging is addressed. Moreover, microbial polysaccharides produced using renewable resources present a significant alternative to commercial hydrophilic membranes for gases and ethanol dehydration. To meet industry requirements, the mechanical and barrier properties of the films can be improved by the inclusion of inert impermeable fillers and\/or the chemical modification of the polysaccharides. The adsorption of proteins, dyes, and pharmaceutical compounds using a cellulose-based polymer is discussed. Despite their unique characteristics, polysaccharide production costs are still higher than most synthetic polymers. This is a challenge that can be overcome by scaling up the production and by valorizing agro-industrial wastes and by-products to make the application of polysaccharide membranes\/films in the food and industry sectors more widespread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polysaccharides6020048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T06:46:01Z","timestamp":1749451561000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Polysaccharide Films\/Membranes for Food and Industrial Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-3436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Coelhoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40047","DOI":"10.1002\/app.40047","article-title":"Microbial polysaccharide-based membranes: Current and future applications","volume":"131","author":"Freitas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yermagambetova, A., Tazhibayeva, S., Takhistov, P., Tyussyupova, B., Tapia-Hern\u00e1ndez, J.A., and Musabekov, K. (2024). Microbial Polysaccharides as Functional Components of Packaging and Drug Delivery Applications. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16202854"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, A.R.V., Alves, V.D., and Coelhoso, I.M. (2016). Polysaccharide-Based Membranes in Food Packaging Applications. Membranes, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes6020022"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.3390\/polysaccharides3040044","article-title":"Polysaccharide-Based Biodegradable Films: An Alternative in Food Packaging","volume":"3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polysaccharides"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00407-8","article-title":"Bioplastics for a circular economy","volume":"7","author":"Rosenboom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rom\u00e3o, S., Bettencourt, A., and Ribeiro, I.A.C. (2022). Novel Features of Cellulose-Based Films as Sustainable Alternatives for Food Packaging. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14224968"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.05.017","article-title":"Starch-based biodegradable packaging materials: A review of their preparation, characterization and diverse applications in the food industry","volume":"114","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.108","article-title":"Preparation, and evaluation of hydrophobic biodegradable films made from corn\/octenyl succinate starch incorporated with different concentrations of soybean oil","volume":"142","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.223","article-title":"Highly water-resistant cassava starch\/poly(vinyl alcohol) films","volume":"137","author":"Junlapong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.10.024","article-title":"Characterization of biodegradable\/non-compostable films made from cellulose acetate\/corn starch blends processed under reactive extrusion conditions","volume":"89","author":"Mendieta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.142192","article-title":"Engineered environment-friendly multifunctional food packaging with superior nonleachability, polymer miscibility and antimicrobial activity","volume":"466","author":"Dang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontominas, M.G. (2020). Use of Alginates as Food Packaging Materials. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9101440"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senturk Parreidt, T., M\u00fcller, K., and Schmid, M. (2018). Alginate-Based Edible Films and Coatings for Food Packaging Applications. Foods, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods7100170"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janik, W., Nowotarski, M., Ledniowska, K., Shyntum, D.Y., Krukiewicz, K., Turczyn, R., Sabura, E., Furgo\u0142, S., Kud\u0142a, S., and Dudek, G. (2023). Modulation of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of sodium alginate films through the use of chestnut extract and plasticizers. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38794-3"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"107328","article-title":"Chitosan for food packaging: Recent advances in active and intelligent films","volume":"124 Pt B","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2020.102346","article-title":"Chitosan-based biodegradable functional films for food packaging applications","volume":"62","author":"Priyadarshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freitas, C.M.P., Coimbra, J.S.R., Souza, V.G.L., and Sousa, R.C.S. (2021). Structure and Applications of Pectin in Food, Biomedical, and Pharmaceutical Industry: A Review. Coatings, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11080922"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mellinas, C., Ramos, M., Jim\u00e9nez, A., and Garrig\u00f3s, M.C. (2020). Recent Trends in the Use of Pectin from Agro-Waste Residues as a Natural-Based Biopolymer for Food Packaging Applications. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13030673"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.08.002","article-title":"Barrier properties of biodegradable composite films based on kappa-carrageenan\/pectin blends and mica flakes","volume":"20","author":"Alves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.07.039","article-title":"Chitosan films and blends for packaging material","volume":"116","author":"Knoop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1973955","article-title":"Bio-based multilayer films: A review of the principal methods of production and challenges","volume":"63","author":"Kubo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122057","article-title":"Valorization of pectins from coffee wastes for the development of pectin-chitosan films","volume":"334","author":"Reichembach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakravartula, S.S.N., Soccio, M., Lotti, N., Balestra, F., Dalla Rosa, M., and Siracusa, V. (2019). Characterization of Composite Edible Films Based on Pectin\/Alginate\/Whey Protein Concentrate. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12152454"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.109854","article-title":"Improving the comprehensive properties of gelatin films by transglutaminase and chitosan","volume":"151","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, W., Guo, S., Wang, K., Pang, X., Asres, B.S., and Ding, Z. (2025). Aminated graphene oxide reinforced gelatin-chitosan composite films toward biopackaging: Preparation and properties. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 284.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.138104"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2014.01.001","article-title":"Surface, mechanical and barrier properties of bio-based composite films based on chitosan and whey protein","volume":"1","author":"Kurek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avila, L.B., Pinto, D., Silva, L.F.O., de Farias, B.S., Moraes, C.C., Da Rosa, G.S., and Dotto, G.L. (2022). Antimicrobial Bilayer Film Based on Chitosan\/Electrospun Zein Fiber Loaded with Jaboticaba Peel Extract for Food Packaging Applications. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14245457"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118507","article-title":"Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibril papers and their bionanocomposites: A review","volume":"273","author":"Mokhena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pires, J., Paula, C.D.d., Souza, V.G.L., Fernando, A.L., and Coelhoso, I. (2021). Understanding the Barrier and Mechanical Behavior of Different Nanofillers in Chitosan Films for Food Packaging. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13050721"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.109767","article-title":"Intelligent double-layer films based on gellan gum\/mica nanosheets\/anthocyanin\/konjac glucomannan\/carrageenan for food real-time freshness monitoring","volume":"151","author":"Bian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2018.03.009","article-title":"Bionanocomposites of chitosan\/montmorillonite incorporated with Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: Development and physical characterization","volume":"16","author":"Souza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13071208","article-title":"Packaging of Fresh Poultry Meat with Innovative and Sustainable ZnO\/Pectin Bionanocomposite Films\u2014A Contribution to the Bio and Circular Economy","volume":"13","author":"Przybyszewska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2020.100223","article-title":"Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: A review of the synthesis methodology and mechanism of formation","volume":"15","author":"Bandeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.084","article-title":"Influence of apple phytochemicals in ZnO nanoparticles formation, photoluminescence, and biocompatibility for biomedical applications","volume":"101","author":"Alves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2019.01.001","article-title":"Storage alters physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of cactus pear fruit","volume":"150","author":"Zegbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Missaoui, M., D\u2019Antuono, I., D\u2019Imperio, M., Linsalata, V., Boukhchina, S., Logrieco, A.F., and Cardinali, A. (2020). Characterization of micronutrients, bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of prickly pear cladodes as functional ingredient. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092176"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.046","article-title":"Extraction, characterization and gelling behavior enhancement of pectins from the cladodes of Opuntia ficus indica","volume":"82","author":"Lefsih","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, C., Paula, C.D.d., Lahbouki, S., Meddich, A., Outzourhit, A., Rashad, M., Pari, L., Coelhoso, I., Fernando, A.L., and Souza, V.G.L. (2023). Opuntia spp.: An Overview of the Bioactive Profile and Food Applications of This Versatile Crop Adapted to Arid Lands. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12071465"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, C., Souza, V.G.L., Coelhoso, I., and Fernando, A.L. (2021). Bio-Based Sensors for Smart Food Packaging\u2014Current Applications and Future Trends. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062148"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouahioune, L.A., Wrona, M., Pezo, D., Ner\u00edn, C., and Djenane, D. (2024). Sustainable and green strategies for active biopackaging: Application for seafood products\u2014A critical review. Food Biosci., 63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.105647"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1096","article-title":"An intelligent cellulose pad loaded with copper nanoparticles for real-time freshness monitoring of beef","volume":"212","author":"Khadije","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.110059","article-title":"Smart carrageenan\/carboxymethyl cellulose films combined with zein\/gellan gum microcapsules encapsulated by composite anthocyanins for chilled beef freshness monitoring","volume":"153","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dirpan, A., Deliana, Y., Ainani, A.F., and Bahmid, N.A. (2024). Exploring the Potential of Pectin as a Source of Biopolymers for Active and Intelligent Packaging: A Review. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16192783"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c07279","article-title":"Engineering a Natural Multifunctional Biomass-Based Composite Nanosystem for Active Smart Packaging and Colorimetric Labels","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weng, V., Brazinha, C., Coelhoso, I.M., and Alves, V.D. (2021). Decolorization of a Corn Fiber Arabinoxylan Extract and Formulation of Biodegradable Films for Food Packaging. Membranes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes11050321"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvada, J., Alke, B., Brazinha, C., Alves, V.D., and Coelhoso, I.M. (2022). Development and Characterisation of Arabinoxylan-Based Composite Films. Coatings, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12060813"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.01.003","article-title":"Use of wheat bran arabinoxylans in chitosan-based films: Effect on physicochemical properties","volume":"66","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben\u00edtez, J.J., Castillo, P.M., del R\u00edo, J.C., Le\u00f3n-Camacho, M., Dom\u00ednguez, E., Heredia, A., Guzm\u00e1n-Puyol, S., Athanassiou, A., and Heredia-Guerrero, J.A. (2018). Valorization of Tomato Processing By-Products: Fatty Acid Extraction and Production of Bio-Based Materials. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11112211"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.01.075","article-title":"Hydrophobic Edible Films Made up of Tomato Cutin and Pectin","volume":"164","author":"Manricha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es, A., Coelhoso, I.M., Alves, V.D., and Brazinha, C. (2023). Recovery and Purification of Cutin from Tomato By-Products for Application in Hydrophobic Films. Membranes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes13030261"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Gao, K., Guo, H., Li, R., and Li, G. (2024). Advancements in Gellan Gum-Based Films and Coatings for Active and Intelligent Packaging. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16172402"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"e15006","article-title":"Films based on pectin, gellan, EDTA, and bacteriocin-like compounds produced by Streptococcus infantarius for the bacterial control in fish packaging","volume":"45","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Li, C., Wang, T., Li, Z., Zou, X., Huang, X., Zhai, X., Shi, J., Shen, T., and Gong, Y. (2023). Novel gellan gum-based probiotic film with enhanced biological activity and probiotic viability: Application for fresh-cut apples and potatoes. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 239.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124128"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2023.101103","article-title":"Gellan gum-based functional films integrated with bacterial cellulose and nano-TiO2\/CuO improve the shelf life of fresh-cut pepper","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Package Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2020.106530","article-title":"Bacterial cellulose as a biodegradable food packaging material: A review","volume":"113","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.07.034","article-title":"Fucose-Containing Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Newly Isolated Enterobacter strain A47 DSM 23139","volume":"83","author":"Freitas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.03.089","article-title":"Development and characterization of bilayer films of FucoPol and chitosan","volume":"147","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2022.107955","article-title":"Modulating physicochemical, antimicrobial and release properties of chitosan\/zein bilayer films with curcumin\/nisin-loaded pectin nanoparticles","volume":"133","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, X., Chang, X., Ding, Z., Xu, H., Kong, H., Chen, F., Wang, R., Shan, Y., and Ding, S. (2022). Fabrication and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Polyelectrolyte Bilayer Films Based on Chitosan and Different Types of Edible Citrus Pectin. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11213536"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b00047","article-title":"Wine protein haze: Mechanisms of formation and advances in prevention","volume":"63","author":"McRae","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b04990","article-title":"Critical Review on Sustainable Homogeneous Cellulose Modification: Why Renewability Is Not Enough","volume":"7","author":"Onwukamike","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Ferreira, L., Chagas, R., Ferreira, R.B., Coelhoso, I., and Velizarov, S. (2019). Compound, Method of Production and Uses Thereof. (Patent WO2019197884A1)."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gago, D., Chagas, R., and Ferreira, L.M. (2021). The Effect of Dicarboxymethyl Cellulose on the Prevention of Protein Haze Formation on White Wine. Beverages, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages7030057"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gago, D., Corvo, M.C., Chagas, R., Ferreira, L.M., and Coelhoso, I. (2022). Protein Adsorption Performance of a Novel Functionalized Cellulose-Based Polymer. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14235122"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC01983E","article-title":"Development of novel h-BNNS\/PVA porous membranes via Pickering emulsions","volume":"20","author":"Ortiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.7b03426","article-title":"Porous Gelatin Membrane Obtained from Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Graphene Oxide","volume":"34","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2018.12.008","article-title":"Pickering emulsions stabilized with two-dimensional (2D) materials: A comparative study","volume":"563","author":"Ortiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, F., Ursino, C., Avruscio, E., Desiderio, G., Perrone, A., Santoro, S., Galiano, F., and Figoli, A. (2020). Innovative Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane Preparation Using DMSO as a Low Toxicity Solvent. Membranes, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes10030036"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pervez, M.N., Talukder, M.E., Mishu, M.R., Buonerba, A., Del Gaudio, P., Stylios, G.K., Hasan, S.W., Zhao, Y., Cai, Y., and Figoli, A. (2022). One-Step Fabrication of Novel Polyethersulfone-Based Composite Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Food Industry Wastewater Treatment. Membranes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12040413"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2008.02.061","article-title":"Membranes for the dehydration of solvents by pervaporation","volume":"318","author":"Chapman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2021.119557","article-title":"Pervaporation membrane materials: Recent trends and perspectives","volume":"636","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2004.03.003","article-title":"Dehydration of ethanol through blend membranes of chitosan and sodium alginate by pervaporation","volume":"40","author":"Kanti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.20220190","article-title":"Recent advances in sodium alginate-based membranes for dehydration of aqueous ethanol through pervaporation","volume":"60","author":"Ehsan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5866(01)00210-6","article-title":"Pervaporation of binary water-ethanol mixtures through bacterial cellulose membrane","volume":"27","author":"Dubey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobre, T., Patrichi, C.A.M., P\u00e2rvulescu, O.C., and Aljanabi, A.A.A. (2021). Pervaporation of Aqueous Ethanol Solutions through Rigid Composite Polyvinyl-Alcohol\/Bacterial Cellulose Membranes. Processes, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9030437"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.03.010","article-title":"Development and characterisation of hybrid polysaccharide membranes for dehydration processes","volume":"191","author":"Meireles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"107","article-title":"Evaluation of hybrid polysaccharide membranes for gas dehydration using on-line mass spectrometry","volume":"545","author":"Meireles","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Memb. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galiano, F., Msahel, A., Russo, F., Rovella, N., Policicchio, A., Hamouda, S.B., Hafiane, A., Castro-Mu\u00f1oz, R., and Figoli, A. (2024). Enhancing the Separation Performance of Chitosan Membranes Through the Blending with Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Pervaporation of Polar\/Non-Polar Organic Mixtures. Membranes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes14110237"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaczorowska, M.A., and Bo\u017cejewicz, D. (2024). The Application of Chitosan-Based Adsorbents for the Removal of Hazardous Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions\u2014A Review. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16072615"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elzahar, M.M.H., and Bassyouni, M. (2023). Removal of direct dyes from wastewater using chitosan and polyacrylamide blends. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42960-y"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-014-0399-2","article-title":"Preparation, characterization and application of iron (III)-loaded chitosan hollow fiber membranes as a new bio-based As (V) sorbent","volume":"21","author":"Dorraji","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-012-1092-x","article-title":"Use of Biopolymeric Membranes for Adsorption of Paraquat Herbicide from Water","volume":"223","author":"Cocenza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2013.09.028","article-title":"Chitosan and alginate biopolymer membranes for remediation of contaminated water with herbicides","volume":"131","author":"Cocenza","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shad, S., Lynch, I., Shah, S.W.H., and Bashir, N. (2022). Remediation of Water Using a Nanofabricated Cellulose Membrane Embedded with Silver Nanoparticles. Membranes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12111035"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2016.08.031","article-title":"Removal of anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solution with activated organo-bentonite\/sodium alginate encapsulated beads","volume":"135","author":"Belhouchat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.01.080","article-title":"A green composite hydrogel based on cellulose and clay as efficient absorbent of colored organic effluent","volume":"210","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.075","article-title":"Cross-linked beads of activated oil palm ash zeolite\/chitosan composite as a bio-adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and acid blue 29 dyes","volume":"95","author":"Khanday","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gago, D., Chagas, R., Ferreira, L.M., Velizarov, S., and Coelhoso, I. (2020). A Novel Cellulose-Based Polymer for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue. Membranes, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes10010013"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skwarczynska-Wojsa, A., and Puszkarewicz, A. (2024). Removal of Acetaminophen from Aqueous Solutions in an Adsorption Process. Materials, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17020431"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mac\u00edas-Garc\u00eda, A., Garc\u00eda-Sanz-Calcedo, J., Carrasco-Amador, J.P., and Segura-Cruz, R. (2019). Adsorption of Paracetamol in Hospital Wastewater Through Activated Carbon Filters. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11092672"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122657","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals in urban streams: A review of their detection and effects in the ecosystem","volume":"268 Pt B","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"Pinto, M., Gago, D., Chagas, R., Ferreira, L.M., and Coelhoso, I. (2024, January 8\u201312). Removal of micropollutants by dicarboxymethyl cellulose. Proceedings of the Euromembrane 2024, Prague, Czech Republic."}],"container-title":["Polysaccharides"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4176\/6\/2\/48\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:48:14Z","timestamp":1760032094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4176\/6\/2\/48"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["polysaccharides6020048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polysaccharides6020048","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4176"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4176","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]}}}