{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:12:09Z","timestamp":1773317529505,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The release of winery wastewater (WW) into the environment, without proper treatment, can cause severe problems to freshwater quality and natural fauna and flora. Therefore, in this work a treatment process was studied, combining adsorption and thermocatalytic oxidation processes. In a more specific way, it optimized the combination of activated sodium bentonite (Na-Mt) and potassium persulfate (KPS)\/sodium percarbonate (SPC) as oxidant agents. With the combination of best operational conditions of adsorption ([Na-Mt] = 5.0 g\/L, pH = 3.0, V = 500 mL, agitation 350 rpm, T = 298 K, t = 24 h) and thermocatalytic oxidation processes (S2O82\u2212\/H2O2 ratio = 1:0.25, S2O82\u2212\/H2O2 dosage = 0.1:0.025 (g\/g), pH = 7.0, T = 343 K, agitation 350 rpm, t = 2 h), a total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand and total polyphenols removal of 76.7, 81.4 and &gt;99% was achieved, respectively. Finally, it was evaluated the effect of the treatment processes in the germination index (GI) of different plant seeds. A GI &gt; 80% was achieved, showing a low phytotoxicity effect of the processes applied in the winery wastewater treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10010075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T23:29:07Z","timestamp":1640906947000},"page":"75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Treatment of Winery Wastewater with a Combination of Adsorption and Thermocatalytic Processes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3410-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Jorge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Internacional de Doctorado (EIDO), Campus da Auga, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7667-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana R.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0659-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5463-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco S.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"OIV (2020). 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