{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T23:19:21Z","timestamp":1776122361955,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EAM-AMB\/30975\/2017 (Project GreenFuel);"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EAM-AMB\/30975\/2017 (Project GreenFuel);"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/104977\/2014 (PhD grant)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/104977\/2014 (PhD grant)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers (BS\/BE) are naturally synthesized molecules, which can be used as alternatives to traditional detergents. These molecules are commonly produced by microorganisms isolated from hydrocarbon-rich environments. Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B was originally found in such an environment, however little was known about its abilities as a BS\/BE producer. The goal of this work was to access the potential of strain 1B as a BS\/BE producer and perform the initial characterization of the produced compounds. It was demonstrated that strain 1B was able to synthesize lipoglycoprotein compounds with BS\/BE properties, both extracellularly and adhered to the cells, without the need for a hydrophobic inducer, producing emulsion in several different hydrophobic phases. Using a crude BS\/BE powder, the critical micelle concentration was determined (CMC = 16.94 mg\/L), and its capacity to reduce the surface tension to a minimum of 35.63 mN\/m was demonstrated, surpassing many commercial surfactants. Moreover, after dialysis, emulsification assays revealed an activity similar to that of Triton X-100 in almond and sunflower oils. In benzene, the E24 value attained was 83.45%, which is 30% greater than that of the commercial alternative. The results obtained highlight for the presence of promising novel BS\/BE produced by strain 1B.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10050845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T02:14:39Z","timestamp":1650939279000},"page":"845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A New Biosurfactant\/Bioemulsifier from Gordonia alkanivorans Strain 1B: Production and Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tiago","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LNEG\u2014Nacional Laboratory of Energy and Geology, IP, Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0955-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Paix\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LNEG\u2014Nacional Laboratory of Energy and Geology, IP, Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8671-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LNEG\u2014Nacional Laboratory of Energy and Geology, IP, Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filomena","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6245-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LNEG\u2014Nacional Laboratory of Energy and Geology, IP, Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, November 03). 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