{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:17:13Z","timestamp":1760149033834,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["101003890","PCIF\/MPG\/0147\/2019","PCIF\/AGT\/0109\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003890","PCIF\/MPG\/0147\/2019","PCIF\/AGT\/0109\/2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"project Smokestorm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101003890","PCIF\/MPG\/0147\/2019","PCIF\/AGT\/0109\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003890","PCIF\/MPG\/0147\/2019","PCIF\/AGT\/0109\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"House Refuge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101003890","PCIF\/MPG\/0147\/2019","PCIF\/AGT\/0109\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003890","PCIF\/MPG\/0147\/2019","PCIF\/AGT\/0109\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Portuguese National Science Foundation","award":["101003890","PCIF\/MPG\/0147\/2019","PCIF\/AGT\/0109\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003890","PCIF\/MPG\/0147\/2019","PCIF\/AGT\/0109\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a widely used tool for predicting hazardous scenarios. The present study aimed to assess CFD prediction applied to LPG containers under heating. Thus, two cylinders, each filled with propane or butane, were experimentally exposed to fire, and the pressure increment was recorded. The results were compared with those provided by a CFD method (Ansys Fluent). The limitations of the method are discussed, and a trend in the error increment and its relation to the reduced temperature increment are presented. The results obtained show that the computational method had a good agreement, with a relative error of 19% at a reduced temperature equal to 2. Furthermore, the method had a better fit with heavier alkanes, as the butane was less influenced by temperature overestimation compared with propane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11071930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T01:49:21Z","timestamp":1687830561000},"page":"1930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Heat-Induced Increase in LPG Pressure: Experimental and CFD Prediction Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9255-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Fernandes","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Coimbra, ADAI, Department of Civil Engineering, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Domingos Xavier","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Coimbra, ADAI, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4201-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MohammadReza","family":"Modarres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Coimbra, ADAI, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Coimbra, ADAI, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2019.104580","article-title":"Analysis of Severe Industrial Accidents Caused by Hazardous Chemicals in South Korea from January 2008 to June 2018","volume":"124","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saf. 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