{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:59:22Z","timestamp":1768568362762,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FUNDA\u00c7\u00c3O PARA A CI\u00caNCIA E TECNOLOGIA (FCT-PORTUGAL)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BDE\/150627\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BDE\/150627\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proper working conditions must be one of the employers\u2019 main concerns in any type of company but particularly in work locations where the employees are chronically exposed to hazardous compounds, like factories and production lines. Regarding this challenge, the present research addresses the mapping of a car factory painting line to possibly toxic volatile organic compounds emitted by all the coatings and chemicals used during the work shifts for the future evaluation of employees\u2019 exposure. For the first time, a Gas Chromatography\u2013Ion Mobility Spectrometry device was employed for the in situ detection of volatile organic compounds in an automotive factory. A total of 26 analytes were detected at nine different locations, of which 15 VOCs were accurately identified. Pure chemical-grade substances were used for the development of the VOC database. Although quantitative analysis was not the goal of this study, a calibration model was presented to one analyte for exemplificative purposes. Relative intensity profiles were plotted for all locations, revealing that some indoor VOCs can reach intensity levels up to 60 times higher than in outdoor air samples. The achieved results proved that the painting line has an abundant number of VOCs emitted from different sources and may lead to serious health risks for the employees. Additional studies shall be developed in the painting line for quantitative evaluation of the existing VOCs and their influence on the employees\u2019 health conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11082259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T01:50:37Z","timestamp":1690422637000},"page":"2259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In Situ Indoor Air Volatile Organic Compounds Assessment in a Car Factory Painting Line"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7008-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Catal\u00e3o","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volkswagen Autoeuropa, Quinta da Marquesa, Quinta do Anjo, 2954-024 Palmela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1433-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Fuj\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volkswagen Autoeuropa, Quinta da Marquesa, Quinta do Anjo, 2954-024 Palmela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7913-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Vassilenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"NMT, S. A., Edif\u00edcio Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bruice, P.Y. (2016). Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Carey, F.A., and Giuliano, R.M. (2017). Organic Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Education. [11th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Klein, D. (2017). Organic Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Solomons, T.W.G., and Fryhle, C.B. (2009). Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. [12th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"European Union (2004). Directive 2004\/42\/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain paints and varnishes and vehicle refinishing products. Off. J. Eur. 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