{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:40:13Z","timestamp":1774942813668,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal for Scientific Employment Stimulus-Institutional Call","award":["CEEC-INST\/00102\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEEC-INST\/00102\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal for Scientific Employment Stimulus-Institutional Call","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal for Scientific Employment Stimulus-Institutional Call","award":["UIDP\/5006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/5006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds from FCT\/MCTES","award":["CEEC-INST\/00102\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEEC-INST\/00102\/2018"]}]},{"name":"national funds from FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds from FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/5006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/5006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we present the highly efficient and rapid synthesis of substituted dihydropyrimidinone derivatives through an ultrasound-accelerated approach. We utilize copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts, employing the well-known Biginelli reaction, under solvent-free conditions. The impact of the solvent, catalyst amount, and catalyst type on the reaction performance is thoroughly investigated. Our method offers several notable advantages, including facile catalyst separation, catalyst reusability for up to three cycles with the minimal loss of activity, a straightforward procedure, mild reaction conditions, and impressive yields, ranging from 79% to 95%, within short reaction times of 20 to 40 min. Furthermore, in the context of fighting COVID-19, we explore the potential of substituted dihydropyrimidinone derivatives as inhibitors of three crucial SARS-CoV-2 proteins. These proteins, glycoproteins, and proteases play pivotal roles in the entry, replication, and spread of the virus. Peptides and antiviral drugs targeting these proteins hold great promise in the development of effective treatments. Through theoretical molecular docking studies, we compare the binding properties of the synthesized dihydropyrimidinone derivatives with the widely used hydroxychloroquine molecule as a reference. Our findings reveal that some of the tested molecules exhibit superior binding characteristics compared to hydroxychloroquine, while others demonstrate comparable results. These results highlight the potential of our synthesized derivatives as effective inhibitors in the fight against SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11082294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T10:00:15Z","timestamp":1690797615000},"page":"2294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["CuFe2O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Surface Proteins\u2014Insights from Molecular Docking Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9913-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia A. C.","family":"Carabineiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5584-5519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gullapalli B.","family":"Dharma Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kommuri Pratap Reddy Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India"}]},{"given":"Lakhwinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India"}]},{"given":"Bendi","family":"Anjaneyulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6633-5856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mozhgan","family":"Afshari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones","volume":"23","author":"Biginelli","year":"1893","journal-title":"Gazz. 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