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The bark of the species was characterized for summative chemical composition, the monomeric composition of polysaccharides, phenolic content, in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant properties of hydrophilic extracts, the composition of lipophilic extractives and suberin, and thermal degradation. The bark has an elevated ash content (17%), primarily composed of calcium, and a noteworthy extractive content (38.9%), predominantly of hydrophilic compounds. The antioxidant activity of the bark extracts is moderate, with an IC50 value of 40 \u03bcg\/mL and an EC50 value of 230 \u03bcg\/mL by DPPH and TBARS methods. The lipophilic extractives principally contain fatty acids and diterpenoids. The suberin content is low (1%) and composed primarily of \u03c9-hydroxy acids with 9,10,18 trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid as the major suberin monomer. The lignin content is low (9.8%), and polysaccharides represent 33%. The ignition temperature of the bark is 190 \u00b0C, the burnout temperature is 653 \u00b0C, and the activation energy in combustion is 29 kJ mol\u22121. A biorefinery concept was developed considering the bark\u2019s chemical and thermal characteristics to convert approximately 90% of the bark mass into valuable chemicals, extracts, functional materials, and additives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11092774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T23:25:26Z","timestamp":1694993126000},"page":"2774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biochemical Characterization and Fuel Properties of Endemic Taurus Flowering Ash (Fraxinus ornus subsp. cilicica) Bark from Turkey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3734-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Umut","family":"\u015een","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cengiz","family":"Y\u00fcceda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15200 Burdur, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0157-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Turkiye\u2019de dogal yetisen disbudak (Fraxinus L.) taksonlari","volume":"21","author":"Yaltirik","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. 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