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It is recognized as a critical and intricate stage in the manufacturing process of ceramic materials. In general, drying at higher temperatures and lower air-relative humidity provokes severe hydric, thermal, and mechanical fractures in the ceramic parts, thus reducing product quality after the process. Then, this process must be realized under controlled conditions. From an industrial point of view, the drying process of sanitary ware takes place in two stages: drying at low temperatures (less than 40 \u00b0C) and drying at high temperatures (above 50 \u00b0C). Thus, the purpose of this work is to experimentally investigate the drying process at low temperatures in sanitary toilets. Drying experiments were conducted in an oven with the same temperature (35 \u00b0C) and different relative humidity of the drying air. The results of the moisture content, temperature, and dimension variations along the process, as well as drying and heating rates, are reported and analyzed. The results indicate that the higher the air\u2019s relative humidity, the slower the moisture removal. Herein, aspects of the product quality after the drying process are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11113112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T13:00:49Z","timestamp":1698670849000},"page":"3112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Effect of Air Relative Humidity on the Drying Process of Sanitary Ware at Low Temperature: An Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4387-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo S.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0255-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Gurgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds B.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dexco S.A., Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58082-797, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2930-2200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raissa A.","family":"Queiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Hort\u00eancia L. F.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8483-4608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa S. S.","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Process Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Elaine J. C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Process Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Dauany S.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Agro-Industrial Systems, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal 58840-000, PB, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Henry W. D.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palmares College, Palmares 55540-000, PE, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Herllange C.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal 58840-000, PB, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1026-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M. P. Q.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LFC, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio G. B.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/20172200034","article-title":"A review on waste heat recovery from exhaust in the ceramics industry","volume":"22","author":"Delpech","year":"2017","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"102274","article-title":"Current status and prospect of integrating solar air heating systems for drying in various sectors and industries","volume":"52","author":"Lingayat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Silva, A.M.V. (2018). Drying of Industrial Ceramic Blocks: Modeling, Simulation and Experimentation. 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