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bioactive properties of underutilized corks such as Quercus cerris cork and planted Quercus suber cork in the Eastern Mediterranean are not well-known but are crucial in developing lignocellulosic biorefineries. To assess their biological potential, hydroethanolic cork extracts of Quercus cerris and Quercus suber were analyzed for phenolic composition, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial activities, and hepatoxicity, as well as NO-production inhibition. Here, we show that a mild hydroethanolic extraction of Q. cerris and Q. suber corks yielded 3% phenolic extracts. The phenolic composition was similar in both cork extracts, with phenolic acids and ellagitannins as the primary compounds. The bioactivity of hydroethanolic cork extracts from Q. cerris surpassed that of Q. suber and showed effectiveness against all cancer cell lines tested. This first comprehensive study on the bioactivities of different corks involves detailed characterizations of phenolic compounds of cork extracts using UPLC-DAD-ESI\/MSn, evaluations of the antioxidant properties with TBARS and OxHLIA methods, evaluation of antiproliferative activity against gastric (AGS), lung (NCI-H460), colon (CaCo2), and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines, as well as evaluations of hepatotoxicity and NO-production inhibition. The findings from this study will help bolster the potential of using underutilized cork-rich barks as a valuable resource in bark-based biorefineries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12081579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T07:54:03Z","timestamp":1722239643000},"page":"1579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring the Bioactive Properties of Hydroethanolic Cork Extracts of Quercus cerris and Quercus suber"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3734-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umut","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, Associated Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6511-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiana","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tayse F. F.","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3954-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia S. P.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2835-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikel","family":"A\u00f1ibarro-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6494-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Mandim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Santa Apol\u00f3nia Campus, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4910-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel C. 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