{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T01:48:19Z","timestamp":1772761699559,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Material wear, maintenance costs, performance, efficiency, and corrosion are some of the issues that turbomachinery impellers may encounter. The optimization of impellers through additive manufacturing (AM) has been the focus of extensive research, aiming to address these challenges in turbine, pump, compressor, fan, and mixer components. This research aims to identify and analyze the main techniques currently being developed to tackle several of these issues. Evaluating the published research, the methodology highlights various AM techniques applied to impellers and related components, as well as the diverse materials used in functional system elements. The analysis revealed that the most commonly used additive manufacturing technologies for the production of turbomachinery components are FDM, with a 22% application rate, and powder bed fusion technology, accounting for 35%, utilized for high-complexity parts and even superalloys. Although more expensive, these technologies employ materials with superior resistance capabilities, surpass the limitations of conventional machining, optimize manufacturing times, and allow for the fine-tuning of multiple parameters. In terms of wear and corrosion resistance, materials such as Inconel 718 exhibited a loss of less than 0.1 mpy (mils per year) in highly corrosive environments, representing a significant improvement over traditional materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12122664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T04:02:18Z","timestamp":1732593738000},"page":"2664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Towards Sustainability in Hydraulic Machinery Manufacturing by 3D Printing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6863-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abel","family":"Remache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Design Department, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8316-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modesto","family":"P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Department, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4732-2421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor Hugo","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Mec\u00e1nica Inform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena M.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco-Javier","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rural and Agrifood Engineering Department, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lagha, M., Duplaa, S., Binder, N., and Carbonneau, X. 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