{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:34:50Z","timestamp":1775799290789,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco\u2014FACEPE","award":["APQ 1387-3.03\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 1387-3.03\/22"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco\u2014FACEPE","award":["IBPG-0849-3.03\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBPG-0849-3.03\/20"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco\u2014FACEPE","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco\u2014FACEPE","award":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["APQ 1387-3.03\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 1387-3.03\/22"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["IBPG-0849-3.03\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBPG-0849-3.03\/20"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["APQ 1387-3.03\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 1387-3.03\/22"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["IBPG-0849-3.03\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBPG-0849-3.03\/20"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The process of manufacturing drug delivery systems (DDSs) by fused deposition modeling (FDM) with 3D printing requires the availability of a polymeric filament containing the drug of interest. This filament is fused in the printer heating system and used to print polymer\/drug volumetric parts. Polymers with pH-dependent solubility are widely known in the literature for their controlled release and drug dissolution-enhancing properties, biocompatibility, and variety of release profiles. Given these characteristics, the study of pH-responsive 3D printing filaments appears as a potential alternative for the development of new 3D printing functional materials for healthcare area applications. In this sense, this work aimed at the preparation and characterization of pH-dependent filaments of the Eudragit E 100 copolymer (E100) containing the model drug Amlodipine (Aml) for potential application in the manufacturing of DDSs by 3D printing. The E100\/Aml filaments with two distinct drug concentrations were produced by hot-melt extrusion at 105 \u00b0C. The posterior chemical protonation treatment of the filaments for 60 min provided a significant improvement in their flexibility. Microstructural analysis (SEM, XRD, FTIR, and DLS) and thermal studies by DSC proved the feasibility of producing the filaments by hot-melt extrusion without the degradation of their constituent materials. The in vitro dissolution profiles of the E100\/Aml samples were evaluated in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The facilitated solubility of the polymer in an acidic medium (pH = 1.2) was preserved in the filament form, with rapid and reproducible drug release from the polymer matrix. The saturation of the drug concentration in the medium occurred after 30 min of testing for E100\/Aml models. A customized 3D part with geometry and fill control was also printed from E100\/Aml filaments as proof of concept.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12122916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:50:44Z","timestamp":1734591044000},"page":"2916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["FDM 3D Printing Filaments with pH-Dependent Solubility: Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Release Kinetics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gustavo M.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44036-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Pedro H. N.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications (GPEA-Nano), Department of Materials Science, Federal University of S\u00e3o Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Eumara M. E.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications (GPEA-Nano), Department of Materials Science, Federal University of S\u00e3o Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ginetton F.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Extension Center, Laboratory of Fuels and Materials (NPE\/LACOM), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Campus I, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Nelson C.","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Federal University of S\u00e3o Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5539-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Faia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department\u2014CEMMPRE, FCTUC, Polo 2, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6302-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evando S.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications (GPEA-Nano), Department of Materials Science, Federal University of S\u00e3o Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44036-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Vale do S\u00e3o Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2023.100760","article-title":"Applications and multidisciplinary perspective on 3D printing techniques: Recent developments and future trends","volume":"156","author":"Elhadad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, G., Ahn, M., Cho, W.-W., Kim, B.-S., and Cho, D.-W. (2021). 3D Printing of Pharmaceutical Application: Drug Screening and Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091373"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121567","article-title":"Assessment of 3D printing using fused deposition modeling and selective laser sintering for a circular economy","volume":"264","author":"DePalma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s40516-020-00124-0","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of tungsten carbide hardmetal parts by selective laser melting (SLM), selective laser sintering (SLS) and binder jet 3D printing (BJ3DP) techniques","volume":"7","author":"Padmakumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kafle, A., Luis, E., Silwal, R., Pan, H.M., Shrestha, P.L., and Bastola, A.K. (2021). 3D\/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA). Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13183101"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/compounds4010004","article-title":"An Approach to 3D Printing Techniques, Polymer Materials, and Their Applications in the Production of Drug Delivery Systems","volume":"4","author":"Cardoso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compounds"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy, N., and Ananthaprasad, M.G. (2021). Polymeric materials for three-dimensional printing. Additive Manufacturing, Woodhead Publishing.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822056-6.00010-2"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-022-01124-7","article-title":"Direct cyclodextrin-based powder extrusion 3D printing for one-step production of the BCS class II model drug niclosamide","volume":"12","author":"Pistone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, D.K., Maniruzzaman, M., and Nokhodchi, A. (2018). Advanced pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion coupled with fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing for personalised drug delivery. Pharmaceutics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10040203"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.01.004","article-title":"Development of multifunctional drug delivery system via hot-melt extrusion paired with fused deposition modeling 3D printing techniques","volume":"183","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed Maniruzzaman, M. (2019). Novel Excipients and Materials Used in FDM 3D Printing of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. 3D and 4D Printing in Biomedical Applications: Process Engineering and Additive Manufacturing, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527813704"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auriemma, G., Tommasino, C., Falcone, G., Esposito, T., Sardo, C., and Aquino, R.P. (2022). Additive Manufacturing Strategies for Personalized Drug Delivery Systems and Medical Devices: Fused Filament Fabrication and Semi Solid Extrusion. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092784"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2020.01.015","article-title":"Development of 3D printed tablets by fused deposition modeling using polyvinyl alcohol as polymeric matrix for rapid drug release","volume":"109","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119732","article-title":"3D printing: An appealing route for customized drug delivery systems","volume":"588","author":"Elkasabgy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200126","DOI":"10.1002\/VIW.20200126","article-title":"Design and fabrication of drug-delivery systems toward adjustable release profiles for personalized treatment","volume":"2","author":"Geraili","year":"2021","journal-title":"View"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shojaie, F., Ferrero, C., and Caraballo, I. (2023). Development of 3D-Printed Bicompartmental Devices by Dual-Nozzle Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15092362"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/compounds1030009","article-title":"3D Printing in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications: A State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"1","author":"Mahmood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compounds"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.4780","article-title":"pH-Sensitive methacrylic acid\u2013methyl methacrylate copolymer Eudragit L100 and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate tri-copolymer Eudragit E100","volume":"31","author":"Sester","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fjps.2017.02.001","article-title":"Pharmaceutical significance of Eudragit: A review","volume":"3","author":"Patra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"dos Santos, J., da Silva, G.S., Velho, M.C., and Beck, R.C.R. (2021). Eudragit\u00ae: A Versatile Family of Polymers for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091424"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardoso, P.H.N., Oliveira, C.Y.B., Nunes, M., Tavares, G.F., Faia, P.M., and Ara\u00fajo, E.S. (2023). Eudragit E100\/Hesperidin 3D Printing Filaments: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Release Studies. Appl. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/app132011558"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elizondo-Luevano, J.H., Castro-R\u00edos, R., Parra-Sald\u00edvar, R., Larqu\u00e9-Garc\u00eda, H., Garza-Tapia, M., Melchor-Mart\u00ednez, E.M., and Ch\u00e1vez-Montes, A. (2023). Influence of the polymer and solvent variables on the nanoencapsulation of the flavonoid quercetin: Preliminary study based on Eudragit\u00ae polymers. Appl. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/app13137816"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"61","article-title":"Comparative study of the release profiles of ibuprofen from polymeric nanocapsules and nanospheres","volume":"63","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mex. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2021.1970765","article-title":"3D printing and enteric coating of a hollow capsular device with controlled drug release characteristics prepared using extruded Eudragit\u00ae filaments","volume":"26","author":"Choudhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2001). Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Material (Standard No. ASTM D790)."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(1996). Particle Size Analysis\u2014Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (Standard No. ISO13321)."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"United States Pharmacopeia (2023). Reagents, Simulated Gastric Fluid TS, USP-NF."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"United States Pharmacopeia (2023). Reagents, Simulated Intestinal Fluid TS, USP-NF."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vidakis, N., Petousis, M., Velidakis, E., Mountakis, N., Fischer-Griffiths, P.E., Grammatikos, S., and Tzounis, L. (2021). Fused Filament Fabrication Three-Dimensional Printing Multi-Functional of Polylactic Acid\/Carbon Black Nanocomposites. C, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/c7030052"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Alhnan, M.A. (2018). Solid Dosage Form Production. (EP3191084B1), Patent."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.1c00110","article-title":"Enhanced dimensional accuracy of material extrusion 3D-printed plastics through filament architecture","volume":"3","author":"Ai","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.02.006","article-title":"Coupling hot melt extrusion and fused deposition modeling: Critical properties for successful performance","volume":"172","author":"Bandari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10762","DOI":"10.1021\/ie501572h","article-title":"Dissolution, nucleation, crystal growth, crystal aggregation, and particle breakage of amlodipine salts: Modeling crystallization kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium, scale-up, and optimization","volume":"53","author":"Pohar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450.2013.840847","article-title":"The impact of chirality on the development of robust and stable tablet formulation of (S-) amlodipine besylate","volume":"19","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"16","article-title":"Microscopic studies of the shape and size of particles of samples of amlodipine besylate substances from selected pharmaceutical manufacturers","volume":"5","author":"Jalilov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2024.01.267","article-title":"Development of PLA\/recycled-desized carbon fiber composites for 3D printing: Thermal, mechanical, and morphological analyses","volume":"29","author":"Saleh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19093","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-021-06443-7","article-title":"Polyamide 6\/modified pine bark particle composites for additive manufacturing","volume":"56","author":"Gama","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.128096","article-title":"Nanofiber orodispersible films based on carboxymethyl curdlan and PEO: New delivery system for amlodipine besylate","volume":"635","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105597","article-title":"Development and characterization of pullulan-based orally disintegrating films containing amlodipine besylate","volume":"156","author":"Pezik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2022.2141778","article-title":"Development and characterization of an amorphous curcumin-Eudragit\u00ae E100 solid dispersions with improved solubility, stability, and pharmacokinetic properties","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S., and Vyvyan, J.R. (2009). Introduction to Spectroscopy, Cengage. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427400","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3427400","article-title":"Development and Evaluation of Amlodipine-Polymer Nanocomposites Using Response Surface Methodology","volume":"2022","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.2478\/s11532-010-0061-8","article-title":"Inclusion complexes of amlodipine besylate and cyclodextrins","volume":"8","author":"Kapor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.09.011","article-title":"Drug-in-mucoadhesive type film for ocular anti-inflammatory potential of amlodipine: Effect of sulphobutyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin on permeation and molecular docking characterization","volume":"172","author":"Nanda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2017.10.019","article-title":"A novel electrochemical sensor based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted poly (aniline-co-anthranilic acid) for sensitive detection of amlodipine","volume":"805","author":"Hrichi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jms.2023.111739","article-title":"FTIR synchrotron spectroscopy of lower modes of methyl-D3 mercaptan (CD3SH)","volume":"392","author":"Beaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4664","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22651","article-title":"Interaction between Eudragit\u00ae E100 and anionic drugs: Addition of anionic polyelectrolytes and their influence on drug release performance","volume":"100","author":"Quinteros","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-022-04492-9","article-title":"Raft-forming gastroretentive tablets incorporating solidly dispersed Curcumin-Eudragit E100; in vitro and in vivo approaches for treatment of gastric ulcer","volume":"80","author":"Hanif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.4900","article-title":"Encapsulation of doxorubicin in magnetic-polymer hybrid colloidal particles of Eudragit E100 and their hyperthermia and drug release studies","volume":"31","author":"Khizar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120991","article-title":"Benzoic acid complexes with Eudragit E100\u00ae: New alternative antimicrobial preservatives","volume":"607","author":"Carrascal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-014-3992-z","article-title":"Thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the antihypertensive drug amlodipine besylate","volume":"120","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linares, V., Yarce, C.J., Echeverri, J.D., Galeano, E., and Salamanca, C.H. (2019). Relationship between Degree of Polymeric Ionisation and Hydrolytic Degradation of Eudragitfi E Polymers under Extreme Acid Conditions. Polym. J., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11061010"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"S1555","article-title":"Formulation, optimization, and characterization of amlodipine besylate loaded polymeric nanoparticles","volume":"29","author":"Chourasiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. Polym. Compos."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5063","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-97072021000105063","article-title":"Synthesis, chemical identification, drug release and docking studies of the amlodipine\u2013chitosan nanobiopolymer composite","volume":"66","author":"Villada","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chil. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21476","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01910","article-title":"Improvement of In Vitro Dissolution of the Poor Water-Soluble Amlodipine Drug by Solid Dispersion with Irradiated Polyvinylpyrrolidone","volume":"5","author":"Ghobashy","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.72258","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of s-(-)-amlodipine besylate and nebivolol hydrochloride tablets","volume":"1","author":"Shaikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"5733","article-title":"Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: Evaluation using coenzyme Q\u2081\u2080 as naked nanocrystals","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2018.10.008","article-title":"Understanding the mechanism of dissolution enhancement for poorly water-soluble drugs by solid dispersions containing Eudragit\u00ae E PO","volume":"48","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vlachou, M., Kikionis, S., Siamidi, A., Kyriakou, S., Tsotinis, A., Ioannou, E., and Roussis, V. (2019). Development and Characterization of Eudragit\u00ae-Based Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats and Their Formulation into Nanofiber Tablets for the Modified Release of Furosemide. Pharmaceutics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11090480"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"358","article-title":"Efavirenz\u2013eudragit E-100 nanoparticle-loaded aerosol foam for sus-tained release: In-vitro and ex-vivo evaluation","volume":"69","author":"Narayanan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Pap."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024497920145","article-title":"A reappraisal of drug release laws using Monte Carlo simulations: The preva-lence of the Weibull function","volume":"20","author":"Kosmidis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corsaro, C., Neri, G., Mezzasalma, A.M., and Fazio, E. (2021). Weibull Modeling of Controlled Drug Release from Ag-PMA Nanosystems. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13172897"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.09.050","article-title":"Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets","volume":"513","author":"Sadia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."}],"container-title":["Processes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9717\/12\/12\/2916\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:55:36Z","timestamp":1760115336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9717\/12\/12\/2916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["pr12122916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pr12122916","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9717"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9717","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]}}}