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The TEs investigated in this study are based on previous formulations, consisting of 50 wt.% egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), 20 wt.% ethanol, 20 wt.% olive oil (OlO), thyme oil (TO), or oregano oil (OrO), and 10 wt.% NADES made from a 1:1 or 1:4 ratio of lactic acid and glycerol (LA). These emulsions exhibit high antioxidant activity, attributed to the terpenes present in the essential oils, such as thymol in TO and carvacrol in OrO. The TEs containing TO and OrO demonstrated a more fluid consistency, along with a more appealing texture and fragrance compared to the OlO control. Additionally, these emulsions exhibited the ability to permeate pig skin, as well as significant antifungal and antibacterial activity, and low toxicity in the Galleria mellonella larval model. Overall, the findings expand the potential applications of NADES, particularly in the development of translucent emulsions with EO for treating microbial skin and nail infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13020374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T07:45:12Z","timestamp":1738136712000},"page":"374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["NADES-in-Oil Emulsions Enriched with Essential Oils for Cosmetic Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6733-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9650-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9029-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5480-937X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Noro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3Bs\u2014Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Research Group, Avepark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2994-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia D.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta O.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9830-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.P\u2014National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3221-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.P\u2014National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, 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