{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:21:12Z","timestamp":1773458472381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00681\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00681\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioactive glass scaffolds are used in bone and tissue biomedical implants, and there is great interest in their fabrication by additive manufacturing\/3D printing techniques, such as robocasting. Scaffolds need to be macroporous with voids \u2265100 \uf06dm to allow cell growth and vascularization, biocompatible and bioactive, with mechanical properties matching the host tissue (cancellous bone for bone implants), and able to dissolve\/resorb over time. Most bioactive glasses are based on silica to form the glass network, with calcium and phosphorous content for new bone growth, and a glass modifier such as sodium, the best known being 45S5 Bioglass\u00ae. 45S5 scaffolds were first robocast in 2013 from melt-quenched glass powder. Sol\u2013gel-synthesized bioactive glasses have potential advantages over melt-produced glasses (e.g., greater porosity and bioactivity), but until recently were never robocast as scaffolds, due to inherent problems, until 2019 when high-silica-content sol\u2013gel bioactive glasses (HSSGG) were robocast for the first time. In this review, we look at the sintering, porosity, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties of robocast sol\u2013gel bioactive glass scaffolds and compare them to the reported results for robocast melt-quench-synthesized 45S5 Bioglass\u00ae scaffolds. The discussion includes formulation of the printing paste\/ink and the effects of variations in scaffold morphology and inorganic additives\/dopants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8050615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T10:18:18Z","timestamp":1590142698000},"page":"615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A Comparison of Bioactive Glass Scaffolds Fabricated \u200eby Robocasting from Powders Made by Sol\u2013Gel and Melt-Quenching Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Basam A. E.","family":"Ben-Arfa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering\/CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810\u200e-\u200e193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Pullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering\/CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810\u200e-\u200e193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay, A., and Bose, S. (2016). Additive Manufacturing, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b18893"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cesarano, J., and Calvert, P. Method for freeforming objects with low-binder slurry. 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