{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T16:38:41Z","timestamp":1777221521065,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/QUI\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00100\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CO2 methanation is typically carried out using Ni-supported catalysts containing promoters such as alkali or alkali-earth metals to improve their properties. In this work, bimetallic Ni-based USY zeolite catalysts containing alkali (Li, K and Cs) and alkali-earth (Mg, Ca) metal compounds were prepared using the same conditions (15 wt% of metals; co-impregnation), characterized by N2 sorption, XRD, TGA, CO2 adsorption\u2013desorption, DRS UV-Vis and H2-TPR, and finally applied in CO2 methanation reaction (86,100 mL h\u22121 g\u22121, PCO2 = 0.16 bar, H2:CO2 = 4:1). For each group, the effects of the second metal nature on the properties and performances were assessed. Alkali metals incorporation induced considerably low catalytic performances (CH4 yields &lt; 26%), attributed to their negative impact on zeolite structure preservation. On the contrary, alkali-earth metal-containing catalysts exhibited lower structural damage. However, the formation of Ni-Mg mixed oxides in Ni-Mg\/USY catalyst and CaCO3 during the reaction in Ni-Ca\/USY sample could explain their performances, similar or lower than those obtained for Ni\/USY catalyst. Among the studied metals, calcium was identified as the most interesting (CH4 yield of 65% at 415 \u00b0C), which was ascribed to the slight improvement of the Ni0 dispersion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9101846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T21:31:26Z","timestamp":1634765486000},"page":"1846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Alkali and Alkali-Earth Metals Incorporation to Ni\/USY Catalysts for CO2 Methanation: The Effect of the Metal Nature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4236-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Carmen","family":"Bacariza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Grilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6137-6664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9830-7160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica (DEQ), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica (DEQ), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.07.062","article-title":"A Review at the Role of Storage in Energy Systems with a Focus on Power to Gas and Long-Term Storage","volume":"81","author":"Blanco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. 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