{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T11:48:52Z","timestamp":1772538532893,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca, Regi\u00f3n de Murcia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21293\/FPI\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21293\/FPI\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca, Regi\u00f3n de Murcia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-105950RB-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-105950RB-100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca, Regi\u00f3n de Murcia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCI2020-120712-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2020-120712-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca, Regi\u00f3n de Murcia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC2021-033660-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2021-033660-I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["21293\/FPI\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21293\/FPI\/19"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PID2019-105950RB-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-105950RB-100"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PCI2020-120712-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2020-120712-2"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["RYC2021-033660-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2021-033660-I"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n, Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n (AEI), Spain, and The European Next Generation Funds (NextgenerationEU)","award":["21293\/FPI\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21293\/FPI\/19"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n, Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n (AEI), Spain, and The European Next Generation Funds (NextgenerationEU)","award":["PID2019-105950RB-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-105950RB-100"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n, Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n (AEI), Spain, and The European Next Generation Funds (NextgenerationEU)","award":["PCI2020-120712-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2020-120712-2"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n, Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n (AEI), Spain, and The European Next Generation Funds (NextgenerationEU)","award":["RYC2021-033660-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2021-033660-I"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proteomes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Escherichia coli represents the main cause of diarrhoea in pigs. Saliva can provide information about the pathophysiology of diseases and be a source of biomarkers. We aimed to identify changes in the salivary proteome of pigs with diarrhoea caused by E. coli. Saliva samples were collected from 10 pigs with this disease and 10 matched healthy controls. SDS-PAGE (1DE) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) were performed, and significantly different protein bands and spots were identified by mass spectrometry. For validation, adenosine deaminase (ADA) was measured in 28 healthy and 28 diseased pigs. In 1DE, increases in lipocalin and IgA bands were observed for diseased pigs, whereas bands containing proteins such as odorant-binding protein and\/or prolactin-inducible protein presented decreased concentrations. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) results showed that saliva from E. coli animals presented higher expression levels of lipocalin, ADA, IgA and albumin peptides, being ADA activity increased in the diseased pigs in the validation study. Spots containing alpha-amylase, carbonic anhydrase VI, and whole albumin were decreased in diseased animals. Overall, pigs with diarrhoea caused by E. coli have changes in proteins in their saliva related to various pathophysiological mechanisms such as inflammation and immune function and could potentially be biomarkers of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/proteomes11020014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T01:35:59Z","timestamp":1680572159000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Changes in the Saliva Proteome of Pigs with Diarrhoea Caused by Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, University of Evora, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"L\u00f3pez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Ortin-Bustillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jose Joaquin","family":"Cer\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1524-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Martinez-Subiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6865-8712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development (MED), University of Evora, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"},{"name":"CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Evora, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.05.007","article-title":"Saliva proteomics as an emerging, non-invasive tool to study livestock physiology, nutrition and diseases","volume":"75","author":"Lamy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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