{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:12:42Z","timestamp":1764958362716,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023","UIDB\/00729\/2020","UIDB\/04449\/2020","UID\/PRR\/04449\/2025HERCULES\/UE","LA\/P\/0132\/2020","2023.16519.ICDT","LISBOA2030-FEDER-00753900","10.54499\/CEECIND\/00349\/2017\/CP1431\/CT0004","2021.04858.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023","UIDB\/00729\/2020","UIDB\/04449\/2020","UID\/PRR\/04449\/2025HERCULES\/UE","LA\/P\/0132\/2020","2023.16519.ICDT","LISBOA2030-FEDER-00753900","10.54499\/CEECIND\/00349\/2017\/CP1431\/CT0004","2021.04858.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quaternary"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The archaeological site of Charneca do Fratel, in Vila Velha de R\u00f3d\u00e3o, Portugal, is a fortification that is radiocarbon-dated from the third millennium BCE. The archaeological fieldwork in 1987 revealed the first Chalcolithic settlement on the northern Portuguese bank of the Tagus River. Its architectonic concept is similar to that observed in southern Portugal, proving new insights into the study of the process of Chalcolithisation of western Iberia. Its location close to the Tagus River, in the vicinity of fertile soils, fishing and hunting areas, and sources of raw materials that are probably used to produce stone tools and pottery, indicates a self-sustained society in the frame of an accentuated tendency for sedentarisation. In the present work, 20 samples were submitted to an archaeometric approach to shed light on the technological aspects of Chalcolithic ceramic production techniques on the northern bank of the Tagus River. The obtained results indicate two chemically distinguishable ceramic groups within Fratel\u2019s findings, with a high variation in paste colourations, ranging from dark greyish and bright red. Mineralogical analysis indicates that firing occurred at temperatures between 700 \u00b0C and 850 \u00b0C. The results point to a local production, with ceramic manufacturing procedures that are analogous to other Chalcolithic settlements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/quat8040072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T17:35:17Z","timestamp":1764956117000},"page":"72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Multi-Analytical Archaeometric Approach to Chalcolithic Ceramics from Charneca do Fratel (Portugal): Preliminary Insights into Local Production Practices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5674-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro (DCR), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Materiais (CENIMAT\/I3N), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Vidro e Cer\u00e2mica para as Artes (VICARTE), Departamento de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory\u2014City University of Macau Chair in Sustainable Heritage\u2014Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, IN2PAST\u2014Associated Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mathilda L.","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory\u2014City University of Macau Chair in Sustainable Heritage\u2014Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, IN2PAST\u2014Associated Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5957-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquina","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAEDS\/AMRS\u2014Museu de Arqueologia e Etnografia do Distrito de Set\u00fabal, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Munic\u00edpios da Regi\u00e3o de Set\u00fabal, Av. Luisa Todi, 162, 2900-451 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"UNIARQ\u2014Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0447-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Tavares da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAEDS\/AMRS\u2014Museu de Arqueologia e Etnografia do Distrito de Set\u00fabal, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Munic\u00edpios da Regi\u00e3o de Set\u00fabal, Av. Luisa Todi, 162, 2900-451 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"UNIARQ\u2014Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o C.","family":"Caninas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Estudos do Alto Tejo, Plataforma de Estudos Arqueol\u00f3gicos do M\u00e9dio Tejo, Rua de Santana, R\/c do Edif\u00edcio da Seguran\u00e7a Social, 6030-230 Vila Velha de R\u00f3d\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"EMERITA, Empresa Portuguesa de Arqueologia, Rua da M\u00e3e D\u2019\u00c1gua, 28, Cacilhas, 2780-369 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro (DCR), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Materiais (CENIMAT\/I3N), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Vidro e Cer\u00e2mica para as Artes (VICARTE), Departamento de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10963-019-09134-z","article-title":"The \u201cCopper Age\u201d\u2014A History of the Concept","volume":"32","author":"Pearce","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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