{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:30:41Z","timestamp":1760059841417,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Portugal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECINST\/00043\/2021\/CP2797\/CT0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00043\/2021\/CP2797\/CT0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We present the implementation of an in vivo dosimetry program that enhances treatment setups, ensuring high accuracy that is needed globally. This approach proves valuable in smaller departments by helping to detect and prevent errors. Evaluation studies have shown that in vivo dosimetry is a reliable method for assessing the overall accuracy of treatment delivery. Methods: Comprehensive development and validation of an in vivo dosimetry program using silicon diodes, ionization chambers, and calibrated electrometers for accurate radiation in dose measurements for treatments involving Co-60 or 6 MV X-ray beams. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that all diodes were dependable, with deviations of less than 1% (0.89 \u00b1 0.10 cGy). Calibration curves were generated, showing dose variations of only 0.13% in the diode readings. The overall analysis revealed a mean deviation of up to 1%. Conclusions: These results provide a thorough assessment for patients\u2019 treatment and facilitate timely interventions when needed, helping to ensure that dose variations stay within acceptable limits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/radiation5030022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T10:55:41Z","timestamp":1752490541000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deployment of an In Vivo Dosimetry Program with P-Type Diodes for Radiotherapy Treatments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6458-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Felizardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Enfermagem, University of Lisbon, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency (2017). Dosimetry of Small Static Fields Used in External Beam Radiotherapy an International Code of Practice for Reference and Relative Dose Determination, International Atomic Energy Agency. Available online: http:\/\/www.iaea.org\/books."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Johns, H.E. (1983). The Physics of Radiology, Charles C Thomas Publisher. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Khan, F.M. (1984). The Physics the Radiation Therapy, Williams & Williams."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency (1987). Absorb Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams, International Atomic Energy Agency."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2021.109564","article-title":"Implementation of in-vivo diode dosimetry for intensity modulated radiotherapy as routine patients\u2019 quality assurance","volume":"187","author":"Attalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2020.08.003","article-title":"In vivo dosimetry in external beam photon radiotherapy: Requirements and future directions for research, development, and clinical practice","volume":"15","author":"Beddar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Imaging Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2024.111772","article-title":"Characterization of a commercial PIN diode for radiotherapy photon beam dosimetry","volume":"221","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2020.164839","article-title":"Ranking of commercial photodiodes in radiation detection using multiple-attribute decision making approach","volume":"987","author":"Mousazadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2013.02.024","article-title":"In vivo dosimetry with silicon diodes in total body irradiation","volume":"95","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2007.04.004","article-title":"Implementaion of in vivo dosimetry with isorad semiconductor diodes in radiotherapy treatments of the pelvis","volume":"33","author":"Abrego","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Dosim."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2009.01.001","article-title":"Radiotherapy quality insurance by individualized in vivo dosimetry: State of the art","volume":"13","author":"Ismail","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"100","article-title":"Entrance dose measurements for in-vivo diode dosimetry: Comparison of correction factors for two types of commercial silicon diode detectors","volume":"1","author":"Zhu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v2i4.2598","article-title":"In vivo dosimetry using a single diode for megavoltage photon beam radiotherapy: Implementation and response characterization","volume":"2","author":"Colussi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1630492","article-title":"Comparison of p-type commercial electron diodes for in vivo dosimetry","volume":"31","author":"Marre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1118\/1.599013","article-title":"In vivo dosimetry: Intercomparison between p-type based and n-type based diodes for the 16\u201325 MV energy range","volume":"27","author":"Jornet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"4215","article-title":"Temperature Dependence of Diode Sensitivity in Radiation Dosimetry","volume":"95","author":"Laub","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"070903","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4811216","article-title":"In vivo dosimetry in external beam radiotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Mijnheer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Van Dam, J., and Marinelo, G. (1994). M\u00e9thodes for In Vivo Dosimetry in External Radiotherapy, Garant. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"73","article-title":"Tecniques used for in-vivo Dosimetry","volume":"19","author":"Dutreix","year":"1990","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"102","article-title":"Possibilities and Limitations of in-vivo Dosimetry","volume":"27","author":"Mijnheer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"ICRU 24 (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements) (1976). Report 24, Determination of Absorbed Dose in a Patient Irradiated by Beams of X and Gamma Rays in Radiotherapy Procedures, ICRU Publications."}],"container-title":["Radiation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-592X\/5\/3\/22\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:09:36Z","timestamp":1760033376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-592X\/5\/3\/22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["radiation5030022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/radiation5030022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-592X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2673-592X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]}}}