{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:40:49Z","timestamp":1768437649871,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/ECI\/04028\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/ECI\/04028\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reactions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The modern society produces large amounts of household waste with high organic matter content. The vermicomposting of household waste produces high-value humic substances and is a way to stabilize organic material for later use as raw material (3rd generation biomass) for bioenergy proposes. A 6-month matured compost, combining vegetable and fruit scraps from domestic trash and grass and shrub clippings from yard waste, was evaluated to assess its potential as a raw material in pyrolysis processes. The pyrolysis activation energy (Kissinger) of the composted material showed values in the range of 200\u2013300 kJ\/mol, thus confirming its suitability for pyrolysis processes with promising H2 yields. The treatment of the composted material with H2SO4 and NaOH solution (boiling; 1 mol\/L) led to the production of solid residues that present higher pyrolysis activation energies, reaching 550 kJ\/mol for the most resilient fraction, which makes them suitable to produce carbonaceous materials (biochar) that will have incorporated the inorganics existing in the original compost (ashes 37.6%). The high content of inorganics would play a chief role during pyrolysis since they act as gasification promoters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/reactions4020018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T03:28:54Z","timestamp":1686626934000},"page":"295-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biofuels from Pyrolysis of Third-Generation Biomass from Household and Garden Waste Composting Bin: Kinetics Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Bruna","family":"Rijo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CoLAB BIOREF\u2014Collaborative Laboratory for Biorefineries, 4466-901 S\u00e3o Mamede de Infesta, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4585-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Soares Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERENA, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Novi Dwi","family":"Saksiwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERENA, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7932-8062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Francisco Costa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERENA, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1271-9955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodica","family":"Z\u0103voianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Catalysts & Catalytic Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Bd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6466-651X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavian Dumitru","family":"Pavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Catalysts & Catalytic Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Bd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4406-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERENA, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6738-0672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Galhano","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERENA, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2020.101874","article-title":"Global food waste across the income spectrum: Implications for food prices, production and resource use","volume":"98","author":"Hertel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118846","article-title":"Assessment of environmental impact of FOOD waste in Turkey","volume":"244","author":"Cakar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. 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