{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:25:26Z","timestamp":1767651926319,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Religions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the key issues of the learning experience is students\u2019 performance during the course, as this is pointed to as one of the main indicators for boosting competences\u2019 development and skills\u2019 improvement. This study explores the roles of spirituality, forgiveness, and gratitude on students\u2019 academic performance, proposing a model of analysis revealing a first-order moderation effect of spirituality in the mediation effect of happiness, on the relation between gratitude and forgiveness with students\u2019 academic performance. Two hundred twenty management students from various Indian universities voluntarily participated in the study. To avoid common method-bias issues, data concerning the study variables were obtained in two distinct moments. To test for the moderated-mediation model of analysis, we have followed the PROCESS analytical procedure. Results showed that forgiveness and gratitude were positively and significantly related to happiness and academic performance. It was also possible to see that spirituality moderates the relationship between forgiveness for self and student happiness. Finally, the moderated-mediating impact of spirituality and happiness on the relationship between gratitude and academic performance was also supported. The present study has taken the lead from positive psychology to assess the students\u2019 character strengths related to their well-being and success. It proposes an innovative model of analysis, supported by theoretical reasoning, pointing to the existence of a moderated-mediation relation predicting students\u2019 academic performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel13070617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T20:59:18Z","timestamp":1656968358000},"page":"617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Does Spirituality Influence Happiness and Academic Performance?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rajasekhar","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi 834002, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8663-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharda","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xavier Institute of Social Service, Ranchi 834002, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1228-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neuza","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARME-Centre of Applied Research in Management and Economics ESTG, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniel Roque","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ICNOVA\u2013Instituto de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o da NOVA, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-017-9870-1","article-title":"Gratitude and Subjective Wellbeing: A Proposal of Two Causal Frameworks","volume":"19","author":"Alkozei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies. 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