{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:44:18Z","timestamp":1760150658420,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Religions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Western culture, it is possible to trace an archeology of the political as an effect of theological-political devices (essentially Christian-inspired). If we add to this the evolution of politics, in modern times, towards biopolitics, then this relationship focuses on very concrete topics. This is the case of the immunological process\u2014from a personal, social, and philosophical perspective\u2014thoroughly analyzed by the Italian philosopher Roberto Esposito. In the context of his philosophical immunology, the place of religion is mainly archaeological and is interpreted critically: either as an immunization mechanism that results in self-immunization, destroying what it intends to defend; or in another way, from a perspective closer to the Christian tradition, as a \u201ctheological\u2013political machine\u201d, based on the \u201cperson\u201d device, which ends up giving rise to binarisms that dissolve themselves into the One, by the domain of one of the poles. This article aims to critically analyze his position on both aspects, proposing a reading close to his thought but which is, at the same time, somewhat different. This proposal is directly inspired by neither a binarian nor an immunological, but rather a \u201cternary\u201d trinitarian theology. The originality of the article lies in evaluating the place of religion within Esposito\u2019s philosophical immunology\u2014which has not been worked on\u2014as well as in a critical discussion on his interpretation either of religion or of some theological\u2013political devices; this critical approach is based on an alternative reading of the same topics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel15010018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T03:36:17Z","timestamp":1703129777000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biopolitics, Immunity, and Religion: A Brief Critical Reading of Roberto Esposito"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9252-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Manuel","family":"Duque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Teologia\/Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Teologia e Estudos de Religi\u00e3o, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Agamben, Giorgio (1995). 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